3. Technological Environment

4. Technology
Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function.
The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: examples include construction technology, medical technology, and information technology.

5. Impact of Technology A) Social Impact of Technology
Technology reaches people through business
High expectation of consumer
System complexity
Social change
Technological Phases and Social Systems they create

6. Impact of Technology(cont……)
B)Technology and Economy
Increase Productivity
Need to spend on R&D
Jobs tend to become more intellectual
Problems of technostructure:
Technostructure is a term coined by the economist John Kenneth Galbraith in The New Industrial State (1967) to describe the group of technicians within an enterprise (or an administrative body) with considerable influence and control on its economy.
It usually refers to managerial capitalism where the managers and other company leading administrators, scientists, or lawyers retain more power and influence than the shareholders in the decisional and directional process.

7. Impact of Technology(cont……)
5. Need for Bioprofessional and multiprofessional managers:
Today’s business needs bioprofessional and multiprofessional managers. To fill up a factory manager’s post, for instance, the desired qualification stipulated is a degree in engineering and MBA from a recognized institution.
6. Increased regulation and stiff (hard) opposition:
Technological advancement is inviting opposition from those who fear that new innovations are a threat to ecology, privacy, simplicity and even the human race. These people oppose the construction of high rise buildings, location of industrial plants that eject harmful effluents, and setting up of hydroelectric plants.
7. Insatiable (Limitless) Demand for capital:
Today’s technology necessitates massive investment of money on acquiring or discovering of new ideas and their adoption
8. Rise and decline of products and organizations:
A new technology may spawn a major industry but it may also destroy an existing one.
9. Business Boundaries redefined:
advances in information technologies have rendered old conceptions of the financial services industry obsolete: insurance firms, banks, and brokerage house can now all be interconnected to provide new financial services, thus blurring long held distinctions among the services by these industries.

8. C) Plant level implications
Technology and Organization structure
Resistance (fight )to change
Fear of risk
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Business Process Reengineering (BPRE)
Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)

9. Phase
Time period
Activity
Primary skill
Nomadic Agarian
Untill 1650
Harvest
Manual
Agarian
Plant and Harvest
Industrial
Material Good
Manual & Machine
Service
Focused
Services
Machine & Intellectual
Knowledge
Abstractive
Work
Intellectual and Electronic