1. Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric

2. Items Students Need To Look Up Prior To Class
Definition of Cells and Tissues
What the 4 types of human tissues are
Epithelial Tissues: general location, Cell Density, difference between apical and basal surface of cells, what avascular means, how often they do mitosis, how they are classified by number of layers and cell shape
Basic Functions of Simple Epithelial Tissues: Simple Squamous, Simple Cuboidal, Simple Columnar, and Psuedostratified Ciliated Columnar
Basic Functions of Stratified Epithelium– keratinized and non-keratinized, and transitional epithelium

3. I. Introduction
*A. Cells =
*B. Tissues =

4. Stained Tissues for Microscopy
*C. Four primary types:
Stained Tissues for Microscopy
Fixed
Cut
Stained
Artifacts

5. II. Epithelial Tissues B. Characteristics Boundaries: Glands Matrix
*A. General Locations
Boundaries:
Glands
B. Characteristics
*1. Cell Density
Matrix
*2. Cell Polarity:
Apical surface
Basal surface
3. Basal Lamina & Basement membrane:
4. Connective Tissue Below
Apical Surfaces
Basal Surface
Lab Clue: no spaces between cells

6. Stratified cell shape of top layer
B. Characteristics …
*5. Avascular
*6. Mitosis
*C. Classification of Epithelium
Layers
Simple:
Stratified:
2. Shape of Cells
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Stratified cell shape of top layer
Figure 3.17a

7. Classification of Epithelia … Simple or Stratified?

8. D. SPECIFIC TYPES 1. Simple Squamous Epithelia –. - Locations
D. SPECIFIC TYPES Simple Squamous Epithelia – - Locations *- Functions
Alveoli of Lungs
SPECIAL TYPES
Endothelium – inner covering of heart, lymph, and blood vessels
Mesothelium – epithelium of serous membranes
Figure 3.18a

9. Simple Squamous Epithelium in the Kidney Glomeruli
Glomeruli of Kidneys

10. Kidney Tubules- no microvilli
2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelia - Locations *- Functions - Special Structures - microvilli
Central nucleus
Microvilli

11. Sweat Gland– made of cuboid /columnar epithelia

12. 3. Simple Columnar Epithelia – - Locations: -
3. Simple Columnar Epithelia – - Locations: - *Functions: - Special Structures - Goblet cells, Microvilli, and Cilia
Microvilli

13. Simple Columnar in Small Intestine Lining (showing Microvilli & Goblet Cell)
Goblet Cell w/ mucus

14. 4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelia – - Locations - Structure
4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelia – - Locations - Structure *- Functions - Special Structures: cilia & goblet cells

15. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar inside trachea
Goblet Cells

16. 5. Stratified Squamous Epithelia - Types: keratinized and non-keratinized - Location *- Function - Basal Cells - Top cells
Non-keratinized
(Non-keratinized)

17. Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

18. 6. Transitional Epithelia - Structure - Cell Shape - Locations
6. Transitional Epithelia - Structure - Cell Shape - Locations *- Functions

19. 7. Stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelia
RARE
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified columnar

20. E. Glandular Epithelium: gland =
1. Major Type of Gland
Endocrine gland
Exocrine gland

21. E. Glandular Epithelium …
2. Exocrine Gland Classification: # cells
a) Number of Cells
Unicellular
Goblet Cells & Mucus Cells
Multicellular
Goblet Cell
Multicellular Gland

22. E. Glandular Epithelium …
b) Multicellular by complexity
Simple
Compound:
c) Complexity of Secretory Portion
d) Classification by what is secreted:
Mucous
Sweat,
Oil
Salivary glands
E. Glandular Epithelium …

23. e) Modes of Secretion
Merocrine
Mechanism:
Types/Locations
Apocrine
Mechanism
Holocrine

24. END

25. Review Question
4. Epithelium tissue with multiple layers of flat cells are known as __________________________ . If the cells attached to the basal membrane are cuboidal but the cells on the apical surface are flat, the tissue is called _________________________ .

26. Review Questions
5a. List 2 functions of simple squamous epithelium. 5b. List 1 function of stratified squamous epithelium.

27. Review Questions
1a.What are the 6 major functions of epithelial tissues? Do all epithelial tissues carry out all of these functions? 1b.What type of ET is shown here?

28. Review Question
2. Fully describe the gland below: endocrine or exocrine? Simple or compound? Merocrine or Holocrine?

29. F. Embryonic Origin of Tissues
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm