1. Quiet and Seated
Kahoot CE
CNN
Collect Homework
Lecture
Assignment

2. Section 2: Plantations and Slavery Spread
Main Idea:
The invention of the cotton gin and the demand for cotton cause slavery to spread in the South.

3. The Cotton Boom
Eli Whitney invented cotton gin in 1793—machine that cleaned cotton (separated seeds from cotton)
Made cotton cleaning more efficient, changed Southern life: one person could clean 1 pound of cotton a day by hand; the cotton gin could clean 50 pounds of cotton a day.

5. *Cotton gin changed Southern life in 4 ways:
1. Cotton farming moved westward beyond the Atlantic coastal states.
2. Because cotton was such a valuable crop, planters put most of their efforts into growing it.

6. 3. More Native American groups were driven off Southern land as cotton plantations took over.
4. Slavery continued to be an important source of labor for growing cotton.

7. Slavery Expands From 1790 to 1860, cotton production increased greatly
As cotton earnings rose, so did price of slaves
Expansion of slavery had major impact on South’s economy & people

8. Slavery Divides the South
Slavery divided white Southerners into:
those who had slaves
those who did not
One-tenth of white families had plantations with 20 or more slaves

9. Slavery Divides the South
Most white Southern farmers had few or no slaves, but supported slavery
Slavery had become necessary to increase profits

10. Conditions of Slaves

11. African-Americans in the South
Slavery divided African-American Southerners into:
those who were enslaved
those who were free
Enslaved African-Americans were one-third of South’s population (1840)

12. African-Americans in the South
Most worked on plantations, while some worked as domestic servants or craftsmen
8 percent of African-Americans in South were free (1840)

13. Slave Rebellions
Nat Turner led famous slave rebellion, in Virginia (1831)
Turner and his followers killed 55 white people
Turner’s men were captured and 16 were killed. Turner is caught, tried, and hanged

14. Slave Rebellions Rebellion spreads fear in South
Whites killed more than 200 African Americans in revenge
State legislatures passed harsh laws to control enslaved and free African-Americans

15. Section 3: Nationalism and Sectionalism
Main Idea:
*Patriotic pride unites the states, but tension between the North and South emerges

16. Nationalism Unites the Country
President Madison presented plan, to make U.S. economically self-sufficient
Henry Clay promoted plan as the American System:
1. established a protective tariff (tax on imports)

17. Nationalism Unites the Country
2. established a national bank (promote single currency making trade easier)
3. improved U.S. transportation systems (poor roads made transportation slow and costly)

18. Roads and Canals Link Cities
U.S. built National Road from Maryland to Illinois
Canals improved water transportation, Erie Canal is completed (1825)
Created water route between New York City and Buffalo, New York

19. Roads and Canals Link Cities
Opened Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region to settlers it also stimulates trade
Increased nationalism by uniting 2 sections of the country

20. The Era of Good Feelings
Democratic-Republican James Monroe won U.S. presidency (1816)
Political differences gave way, this led to the Era of Good Feelings

21. Era of Good Feeling

22. The Era of Good Feelings
People shifted their loyalty away from the state govt. and more toward the federal govt.
Americans sense of nationalism (a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward your country) started growing

23. The Era of Good Feelings
Supreme Court decisions strengthen federal government and national unity
McCulloch v. Maryland, state cannot tax a national bank
Gibbons v. Ogden, only federal government controls interstate commerce

24. Sectional Tensions Increase
Sectionalism—loyalty to section of a country rather than to the nation
South relied on cotton and slaves; northeast on manufacturing and trade
In the West, settlers wanted cheap land and good transportation

25. Sectional Tensions Increase
Interests in these sections often conflicted
Missouri applied for statehood (1817), people in the state wanted slavery

26. Sectional Tensions Increase
U.S. had 11 slave states, 11 free states
Adding Missouri as slave state would upset balance of power

27. Missouri Compromise

28. The Missouri Compromise
Nation argued over admitting Missouri as slave state or free state
Henry Clay suggested the Missouri Compromise (1820):
1. admit Missouri as slave state

29. The Missouri Compromise
-2. admit Maine as free state
-3. ban slavery in Louisiana Territory north of parallel 36º 30’
-4. keeps balance of power between slave states and free states

31. Monroe Doctrine

32. The Monroe Doctrine
Some Latin American countries gained independence from Spain and Portugal
Some European monarchs planned to help Spain and Portugal regain colonies

33. The Monroe Doctrine
U.S. feared their own government would be in danger
Russian colonies in Pacific Northwest almost reached San Francisco

34. The Monroe Doctrine
President Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine (written by JQ Adams 1823):
1. closed Americas to further colonization
2. warned against European efforts to reestablish colonies
3. promised the U.S. would stay out of European affairs

36. Daily Assignment Chapter Review questions #1-10 (p.362)
Study for quiz!
Vocab and LO’s #1-25