1. Biology 1: Organisation KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER (TRILOGY)
KPI B13 & B14: Circulatory system and blood (p31-33)
KPI B9: Hierarchy of organisation p24
RED BLOOD CELLS
PLATELETS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
PLASMA
VALVES
Prevent backflow
PACEMAKER
Found in wall of right atrium. Send out electrical impulses causing cardiac muscle to contract
RATE OF FLOW
Volume of blood / number of minutes (ml/min
KPI B10: Structure of digestive system p28
SALIVARY GLANDS
Produce amylase in saliva
STOMACH
Churns food with muscles. Produces protease (pepsin). Produces HCl – kill bacteria and optimum pH for protease.
LIVER
Produces BILE – neutralises acid from stomach and emulsifies fat
GALL BLADDER
Stores bile
PANCREAS
Produces protease, amylase & lipase enzymes and releases in to small intestine.
SMALL INTESTINE
Produces protease, amylase & lipase enzymes. Site of nutrient absorption into blood via diffusion and active transport.
KPI B15: Respiratory system p30
INHALATION
EXHALATION
Intercostal muscles contract
Intercostal muscles relax
Ribs move up and out
Ribs move in and down
Diaphragm flattens
Diaphragm domes
Volume inside thorax increases
Volume inside thorax decreases
Pressure inside thorax decreases – AIR MOVES IN
Pressure inside thorax increases – AIR FORCED OUT
KPI B10: Digestive enzymes p327
ENZYME
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
MADE IN
AMYLASE
Starch
Maltose
Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
PROTEASE
Proteins
Amino Acids
Stomach, pancreas, small intestine
LIPASE
Lipids
Fatty acids & glycerol
Pancreas, small intestine
KPI B12: Food tests p29
Test
Test For
POSITIVE RESULT
Benedict’s Test
Reducing sugars
Blue  brick red
Iodine Solution
Starch
Orange  blue/black
Biuret Test
Proteins
Blue  pink
Sudan III
Lipids
2 layers – top layer red
KPI B16: Transpiration & Translocation p39-41
PROCESS
Explanation
TRANSPIRATION STREAM
One way movement of water from soil in to root hair cells (via osmosis), up the stem via XYLEM (made of dead cells and strengthened with lignin) into leaf and out via STOMATA (pores on bottom of leaf) due to evaporation.
TRANSLOCATION
Two way movement of dissolved sugars made in the leaves via photosynthesis to rest of plant via PHLOEM (living cells with pores in end) for immediate use (e.g. meristems) or storage