1. Unit 3: Cell Structure & Function

2. INSTRUCTIONS FOR COPYING NOTES
Copy all notes in 2-column (Cornell) style
You don’t need to copy tables, diagrams, or pictures, UNLESS INSTRUCTED TO.
You DO need to copy all informational slides (“words”)
Leave room for a 3-sentence summary at the bottom of each page.
All notes are copied into SPIRAL*
*If you are an AVID student, you may keep notes in binder

3. Essential Question #1
What are the 3 statements of cell theory and what scientists helped develop the cell theory?

4. Discovery of Cells don’t copy
Robert Hooke (1600’s) discovered “little chambers” (cells) in cork plant
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1600’s)used microscope to view living things in pond water. Saw things swimming around!

5. Discovery of Cells, cont. don’t copy
Matthias Schleiden (1838) concluded plants made of cells
Thoedor Schwann (1839) concluded all animals made of cells
NOTE:The use of the microscope was essential to the development of Cell Theory.

6. Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
3. All cells come from parent cells through cell division.
cell theory video

7. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

8. Examples of Cells don’t copy
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

9. Essential Question #2
How can I differentiate between the 2 main categories of cells?
compare & contrast the cell structures of the 2 categories of cells
Identify the living things that are made of each of these types of cells.

10. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
“pro-” means “before” (like “pre”)
No n______________
Older life forms are prokaryotes
Eukaryotic
“eu-” means “true”
Has nucleus
“newer” life forms are eukaryotic
Remember: “Pro-No, Eu-Do”

11. Prokaryotic Cells Do not have o___________ surrounded by membranes
V. few internal structures
All prokaryotes are
one-celled organisms
B___________

12. Eukaryotic Cells Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms are eukaryotic
Plants, animals, f_____, algae
Plant
Animal

13. Essential Question #3
What is the structure & function of the major organelles found in eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells?

14. “Typical” Animal Cell

15. “Typical” Plant Cell

16. Essential Question #4
What structures/organelles are found in plant and animal cells? How do they differ?

17. Eukaryotic Cell Parts
“Organelles”

18. Surrounding the Cell

19. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls m______
in and out of the cell
Double layers of fat “phospholipid bilayer”
What part of this word tells you that the cell membrane is made of fats?

20. Cell Wall Most commonly found in S_____ & p_____ cells
plant cells
bacteria
fungi
S_____ & p_____ cells
Made of carbohydrate

21. Inside the Cell

22. Nucleus Directs cell activities
Separated from c_______ by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material - DNA

23. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of t____ layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

24. Chromatin Form DNA takes most of the time. Like spaghetti
Made of DNA wrapped up w/p_______.

25. Chromosomes In nucleus
DNA wrapped up tight by proteins called “histones”
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

26. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

27. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane
Contains hereditary material in prokaryotes

28. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on e___________ r________ & floating in the cytoplasm

29. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell
Smooth type:
lacks ribosomes
Located in organisms that produce _____ like _____
Rough type (pictured):
R_____ are embedded in surface
Located in organs responsible for producing proteins, like the ________

30. Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions by breaking down f___ & c_________.
Also known as the “powerhouse of the cell”
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

31. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

32. Lysosome Digestive ‘factory' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to c___ m_______ for removal
The cell will break down if lysosome breaks!

33. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain s______

34. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells (not in animal)
Contains green chlorophyll
Where p__________ takes place

35. Centrioles
Used during animal cell division (not present in plant & most other cells)

36. Flagellum Is a whiplike structure that extends outside the cell.
Is used for movement.

37. Cilia Small, hairlike projections that extend outside the cell
For m_______ & capturing food