1. CELLS
Unit 2 Chapter 7

2. Principles of Cell Theory
Unit of life
All living things are made of cells
All cells come from cells (no spontaneous generation)

3. Cells
unicellular
Multicellular

4. cells
Many types
Different functions

5. Cell Size
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6. Membrane around cytoplasm Cytoplasm – thick fluid with organelles DNA
All Cells Have:
Membrane around cytoplasm
Cytoplasm – thick fluid with organelles
DNA

7. Organelles
Cellular “organs”
made of macromolecules

8. Cell Types
Prokaryotic: bacteria
Eukaryotic: plants, animals

9. Prokaryotic Cells NO nucleus Organelles have no membranes
First cell type on Earth
Smaller than eukaryotic cells
bacteria

10. Possess many organelles with membranes
Eukaryotic Cells
HAS a nucleus
Possess many organelles with membranes
Plants, Animals, fungi, protozoans
Protozoan

11. Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic cells

12. Eukaryotic cells Plant vs animal cells
ribosomes

13. Centriole Barrel-shaped made up of 9 microtubules
Structure
Function
Barrel-shaped made up of 9 microtubules
found in only animal cells
Organizes spindle fibers used during cell division
Helps in forming flagella and cilia
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

14. Mitochondria Double Membrane
Structure
Function
Double Membrane
Outer is smooth
Inner cristae is folded to increase surface area
“Powerhouse” - - Site of cellular respiration
Breaks down glucose to Produce ATP (energy)
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

15. Golgi Body Stacks of membranes and sacs in cytoplasm Structure
Function
Stacks of membranes and sacs in cytoplasm
Found near cell membrane
Prepares protein for secretion
Adds carbohydrates to the proteins to make glycoproteins.
“post office”, labeling directions
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

16. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (R.E.R)
Structure
Function
Membrane vesicles covered with ribosomes
Connects to nuclear membrane
Transports proteins made on its surface
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

17. Nuclear Membrane Separates the chromatin from the rest of the cell
Structure
Function
Separates the chromatin from the rest of the cell
Pores allow material to enter and leave the nucleus
Lipid bilayer containing many openings (pores)
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

18. Ribosomes Tiny “Packets” of RNA. Site of protein synthesis
Structure
Function
Tiny “Packets” of RNA.
Made up of a large and a small subunit
Site of protein synthesis
“protein factory”
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

19. Cell Membrane Structure Function
Flexible boundary that surrounds the cell
Bi-layer of proteins & phospholipids
Selectively permeable:
Regulates what enters & leaves the cell
“border”
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

20. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (S.E.R.)
Structure
Function
Vesicles NOT covered with ribosomes
synthesis of lipids and protein.
transports large molecules around the cell
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

21. Lysosome Spherical body in the cytoplasm found in animal cells
Structure
Function
Spherical body in the cytoplasm
found in animal cells
Storage of digestive enzymes (for digesting food or worn out cell parts)
“recycling truck”
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

22. Cytoplasm
Structure
Function
Made up of the cytosol (jelly/liquid within the cell) and all of the organelles
Site of glycolysis (breaking down glucose molecules)
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

23. Chromatin “Unwound” chromosomes (DNA)
Structure
Function
“Unwound” chromosomes (DNA)
Instructions (genetic code) for producing all of the body’s proteins
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

24. Nucleolus Spherical body found in the nucleus Produces ribosomes
Structure
Function
Spherical body found in the nucleus
Produces ribosomes
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

25. Nucleus Large membrane bound organelle Controls cellular activity
Structure
Function
Large membrane bound organelle
Controls cellular activity
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

26. Vacuole Membrane bound organelle
Structure
Function
Membrane bound organelle
Large in plants and fungi very small or absent in bacteria, protists, or animal cells
Storage of water, digestive enzymes, wastes and food
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

27. Cell Wall Protection and support Structure Function
Rigid Structure outside plasma membrane
Made of cellulose (in plants)
Protection and support
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

28. Chloroplast
Structure
Function
Double membrane spherical body containing structures called thylakoids
Found in plants and algae
Site of photosynthesis (glucose production)
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

29. Cytoskeleton A network of microtubules and microfilaments
Structure
Function
A network of microtubules and microfilaments
Support and aid in transport within the cell
Back to Animal Cell
Back to Plant Cell

30. Organelle Flashcards Back of card write: Front of card write:
PICTURE OF ORGANELLE
Front of card write:
NAME OF ORGANELLE
MITOCHONDRIA
Provide energy for the cell
“power house “ of the cell