1. CONFINED
SPACE
ENTRY
TRAINING

2. SELF-TEST

3. ASK YOURSELF… What is a confined space?
What is difference between permitted and non-permitted confined spaces?
List 3 examples of permitted confined spaces.
When do I need PPE?
When should I test the atmosphere?
What is the safe oxygen level?
Do NOT give the answers…only take the proposed answers from the audience!!!

4. COURSE OBJECTIVES Help you understand the criteria of a confined space
Motivate you to evaluate your workplace and written programs
Implement changes where necessary

5. COURSE GOAL
Prevent personal injuries/fatalities relating to a confined space entry

6. COURSE WILL ADDRESS… Definitions of terms, with examples
The basic entry procedure
The components of a written program

7. TERMS
AND
DEFINITIONS

8. 1. CONFINED SPACE: Is large enough to enter into and work
Has a limited means of entry/exit
Is NOT designed for continuous periods of occupancy

9. CLASSES OF CONFINED SPACE
Class A – IDLH atmosphere. May contain oxygen deficiency, explosive or flammable atmospheres, and /or concentrations of toxic substances.

10. CLASSES OF CONFINED SPACES cont’d
Class B – space has potential for causing injury if proper safety steps are not followed

11. CLASSES OF CONFINED SPACES cont’d
Class C – space has potential hazards, but would not require any special modification of the work procedures.

12. TYPES OF CONFINED SPACE…
Non-Permitted
… does NOT contain physical, chemical or atmospheric hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm
Permitted
… DOES contain physical, chemical or atmospheric hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm
All confined space must be evaluated for hazards. If it is determined that the confined space does not have physical, chemical or atmospheric hazard, then the confined space is a “Non-Permitted” Confined Space.

13. NOTE:
The classification of ANY confined space SHALL be determined ONLY BY Trained AND Authorized persons

14. EXAMPLES

15. EXAMPLES OF CONFINED SPACES:
Tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, pump stations, scale pits, crawl spaces, tunnels…

16. BOILER TANKS…

17. PIPE CHASES…

18. CRAWL SPACES…

19. MANHOLES…

20. PITS...

21. TERMS
AND
DEFINITIONS,
CONT'D

22. 2. ENGULFMENT
A liquid or a “flowable” solid like sand or grain that can surround and bury, smother, strangle, or crush a person.

23. EGULFMENT cont’d Trenches deeper than 4ft Engulfment hazard: cave-in
Preventive measure: shoring & evacuation route

24. 3. IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
Continued
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
Poses an immediate or delayed threat to life, OR…
Causes irreversible adverse health effects, OR…
Interferes with ability to escape unaided from a permit space

25. 3. IDLH, cont’d May be used to determine need for PPE
MSDS’s
List of IDLH values
If conditions meet or exceed IDLH values, implement PPE

26. 4. QUALIFIED PERSON
Designated by the employer in writing, as CAPABLE (by education, training, or both) of:
Anticipating, recognizing, and evaluating employee exposure to hazardous substances or other unsafe conditions in a confined space; AND of
Specifying necessary control and/or protective action to ensure employee safety

27. 5. ATTENDANT
An observant, competent/experienced person stationed outside of a confined space to assist the entrant
An attendant should NEVER enter a confined space or leave the entrance to the confined space. The attendant should call for emergency rescue.

28. 6. AUTHORIZED ENTRANT
A worker authorized to enter a confined space

29. 7. ENTRY SUPERVISOR
The employee responsible for overseeing the Confined Space entry operations; permit signing; and safety compliance

30. PERMITTED
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
PROCEDURE

31. GENERAL CS ENTRY PROCEDURE
1. Conduct an assessment
2. Post signage; Barricade
3. Write the Permit
4. Perform pre-entry tests
5. Follow all other safety procedures
PPE
LO/TO
Ventilation

32. GENERAL CS ENTRY PROCEDURE, cont’d
6. Pre-entry briefing
7. Perform entry & work
8. Perform continuous atmospheric tests
9. Exit the confined space
10. Debrief employees/contractors
11. Verify completion

33. 1. CONFINED
SPACE
ASSESSMENT

34. ASSESSMENTS MUST INCLUDE:
1. Pre-entry testing and monitoring of/for:
Atmospheric conditions
Potential hazards in and around the area

35. Deficient or enriched oxygen
POTENTIAL HAZARDS
Deficient or enriched oxygen
Safe level: 19.5% %
Combustible, flammable, and explosive atmospheres
Toxic gases and vapors
Corrosive chemicals or biological agents
Deficient oxygen- 16% level-Your judgment & coordination suffer
12% level- You will be unconscious
6% level- You will be dead
Enriched oxygen- Fire burns hotter.

36. POTENTIAL HAZARDS cont’d
Physical hazards–
Falling,tripping,moving parts,engulfment,heat extremes,etc…
Electrical hazards—
Shock hazard, static electricity, sparks, etc…
Rodents,snakes, and insects

37. ASSESSMENTS MUST ALSO INCLUDE:
2. Written procedures to remove or control hazards including ventilation, LOTO, PPE and communication
3. Written emergency response

38. 2. POST SIGNAGE
AND BARRICADE

39. POSTED SIGNAGE MUST be in the immediate area
MUST identify the Confined Space
Restricts unauthorized personnel
E.G.: “DANGER—PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE, DO NOT ENTER”

40. BARRICADES MUST prevent unwanted access to the work area
MUST ensure clear workspace for attendant and emergency rescue (if needed)

41. 3. WRITE THE PERMIT

42. PERMITS
Are written authorization and approval specifying the location and type of work
Certify that all existing hazards have been assessed
Ensure the safety of each worker
Specify the date & length of time it applies

43. Confined Space Permit

44. NOTE: PERMITS ARE ALWAYS POSTED IN THE WORKPLACE DURING ENTRY

45. 4. PERFORM PRE-ENTRY TESTS

46. TESTING STANDARDS Duration—Recommend continuous
Sample priority—Oxygen; Flammable/combustible chemicals; Toxic chemicals
Don’t forget to have a system for calibration of the testing meters using test gas.
Also, meters must be periodically recalibrated by the manufacturer. (Follow manufacturers recommended factory calibration schedule.)

47. TESTING METHODS Sample in layers
Every four feet in direction of travel
Different chemicals stratify
Do not get equipment wet!!

48. CHEMICAL STRATIFICATION
*Chemicals will stratify
according to their
vapor density
*Strata changes with
environmental
conditions
(ex. Temperature and
pressure)

49. REMEMBER TO DOCUMENT ALL ATMOSPHERIC TESTING RESULTS!!

50. 5. TAKE OTHER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

51. OTHER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
PPE
Lockout/Tag out
Verify emergency response
Remove sources of hazardous materials outside of confined space
Ventilation

52. VENTILATION Exhaust Purging Negative pressure Positive pressure
Local - for specific sources
General - for non-specific sources
Purging
Positive pressure
Using inert gases in flammable/combustible environment
Causes need for additional PPE

53. 6. PRE-ENTRY BRIEFING

54. PRE-ENTRY BRIEFING Conduct meeting Include all affected persons
Document topics discussed at the briefing.

55. 7. PERFORM ENTRY
AND WORK

56. Entry documentation Each entrant should sign an entry log
Posted in immediate area

57. Follow work procedures and safety rules for job task!!!

58. 8. PERFORM CONTINUOUS
MONITORING

59. CONTINUOUS MONITORING
REMEMBER the mentioned sampling methods!

60. 9. EXIT THE CONFINED
SPACE

61. EXITING THE CONFINED SPACE
When work is complete, when replacement arrives, or if an alarm sounds
In the event of an emergency, utilize emergency rescue
Remember to update the entry log!!

62. ON-SITE RESCUE Employer determined if on/off-site rescue will be used
On-site, usually comprised of in-house personnel—
Motivated team
Extensive training
Practical exercises (min. once/12 months)
Regular reinforcement of training

63. OFF-SITE RESCUE Assessment necessary If used:
Determine the practicality of off-site rescue
If used:
Close proximity
Extensive pre-coordination
Must understand the hazards to be faced
Must have access to all spaces for pre-planning

64. 10. CONDUCT DEBRIEFING

65. DEBRIEFING Discuss the success of the work
Identify concerns that occurred
Verify completion of all documentation
Document meeting, if possible

66. 11. VERIFYING COMPLETION

67. VERIFY COMPLETION
The entry supervisor should remain for at least 30 minutes after the entry to ensure the security of the site and that no hazards remain (ex. Fires)

68. ELEMENTS
OF A
WRITTEN PROGRAM

69. PROGRAM ELEMENTS:
Identification and location of ALL recognized confined spaces
Hazard evaluation procedures
Warning procedures
Ex: Signs at entrance

70. MORE ELEMENTS… Written procedures for pre-entry and entry
Written procedures for permitting

71. MORE ELEMENTS… Assignment of responsibilities Entrant Attendant
Entry supervisor

72. RESPONSIBILITIES

73. ENTRANT Know the hazards associated with the space
Follow the instructions on the permit
Use required equipment properly

74. ENTRANT cont’d Continually communicate with attendant
Alert the attendant when necessary
Exit the space quickly when required

75. ATTENDANT Know the hazards associated with the space
Continued
Know the hazards associated with the space
Be aware of the effects of hazardous exposures
Maintain accountability of entrants

76. ATTENDANT cont’d Remain on duty until properly relieved
Monitor the status of the entrant as appropriate
Communicate with the entrant as appropriate

77. ATTENDANT cont’d Summon rescue and/or emergency assistance
Continued
Summon rescue and/or emergency assistance
Monitor activities inside and outside the space
Perform non-entry rescue in accordance with policy

78. ATTENDANT cont’d
Perform no duties that interfere with attendant duties
Order evacuation of the space when dictated

79. SUPERVISOR Know the hazards associated with the space
Continued
Know the hazards associated with the space
Ensure all entries on the written permit are appropriate
Ensure all tests, procedures and equipment are used

80. SUPERVISOR cont’d Terminate entry authorization when appropriate
Verify that rescue services are available
Verify methods are in place to summon rescue services

81. SUPERVISOR cont’d Remove unauthorized individuals attempting entry
Determine when transfer of responsibility takes place
Ensure operations are consistent with the permit

82. SUPERVISOR cont’d Perform non-entry rescue in accordance with policy
Perform no duties that interfere with supervisor duties

83. EMERGENCY
RESPONSE

84. Emergency Response Attendant alerts the rescue services
Close off the area
Get authorized entrants out of the space
Perform first aid if needed.
Chest or body harnesses are worn by authorized entrant to allow for safe rescue.

85. CONFINED SPACE
EQUIPMENT

86. EXAMPLES…

87. CONFINED SPACE
TRAINING

88. TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
New employees
At time of employment, if affected…or…
When delegated affected responsibility
Existing employees
Refresher training
Rescue drills at least annually

89. TRAINING CONTENT All aspects of the written program
Emergency procedures
Document all training activities

90. RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS
Written program
Training records
Atmospheric testing records
Permitted and non-permitted entries into confined spaces

91. SELF-TEST

92. Let’s review… What is a confined space?
What is difference between permitted and non-permitted confined spaces?
List 3 examples of permitted confined spaces.
When do I need PPE?
When should I test the atmosphere?
Answers:
Any space that is not intended for permanent occupancy, limits egress, and can be bodily entered to perform work…
Permitted spaces have recognized or anticipated hazards…
Pits, manholes, tanks…(or any other)
When a hazard has been identified…and MANDATORY for IDLH conditions
Before ventilating, after ventilating, and continuously while downhole

93. Let’s review… What is the safe oxygen level?
What are the 2 options for emergency response?
Where should the permit be maintained during entry?
When should an entrant exit the confined space?
19.5 – 23.5 %
Onsite & Offsite
Near the point of entry outside of the hole
If an alarm goes off, if the work is completed, or if replaced by another authorized entrant (Give credit if they indicate: if removed by emergency response)

94. FOR ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE…
Call your Loss Prevention Representative