1. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda
Arthropods
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda

2. Phylum arthropoda Largest group of animals with 750,000 species
Basic body plan:
segmented bodies
Tough exoskeleton
jointed appendages

3. exoskeleton tough external covering like a suit of armor
protects and supports the body
made from chitin
exoskeletons of land-dwelling, species have a waxy covering that helps prevent the loss of body water

4. Appendages All have jointed appendages
Appendage- structure, such as a leg or antenna, that extends from the body wall.

5. Evolution of arthropods
The have been around for 600 million years in the ocean.
Today arthropods live everywhere! Land, sea and air!

6. Feeding Some are: herbivores carnivores omnivores
bloodsuckers (parasites)
filter feeders
detritivores

7. Respiration
Most terrestrial arthropods breathe through a network of branching tracheal tubes that extend throughout the body.
Air enters and leaves the tracheal tubes through spiracles which are small openings located along the side of the body.

8. Respiration continued…
Some terrestrial arthropods, like spiders, respire using book lungs.
Book lungs are organs that have layers of respiratory tissue stacked like the pages of a book.
Most aquatic arthropods, such as lobsters and crabs, respire through featherlike gills.
The horseshoe crabs, however, respire through organs called book gills.

9. excretion
Malpighian tubules are saclike organs that extract wastes from the blood and then add them to feces, or digestive wastes, that move through the gut.

10. Response have a well-developed nervous system.
All have a brain.
have sophisticated sense organs,
such as compound eyes
Compound eyes may have more than 2000 separate lenses and can detect color and motion very well.
and taste receptors

11. Movement
Move using well-developed groups of muscles that are coordinated and controlled by the nervous system.
Muscles generate force by contracting and then pulling on the exoskeleton.

12. Reproduction Terrestrial - internal fertilization.
Aquatic - internal or external fertilization.
Some males have a reproductive organ that places sperm inside females.
In others, the males deposit a sperm packet that is picked up by the females.

13. Grow and develop
When they outgrow their exoskeletons, arthropods undergo periods of molting.
During molting, an arthropod sheds its entire exoskeleton and manufactures a larger one to take its place.
This process is dangerous
to the animal because it is
vulnerable to predators while
its shell is soft.

14. Groups of Arthropods Crustaceans Spiders (and their relatives)
Insects (and their relatives)

15. How are they Classified?
classified based on the number and structure of their
body segments
appendages— and mouthparts.

16. Crustaceans Crayfishes Barnacles Pill bugs Class (subphylum) Crustacea
primarily aquatic
Examples
Crabs
shrimps
lobsters
Crayfishes
Barnacles
Pill bugs

17. Crustaceans typically have two pairs of antennae
two or three body segments
and chewing mouthparts called mandibles.

18. crustaceans
The cephalothorax is formed by fusion of the head with the thorax.
thorax lies just behind the head and houses most of the internal organs.
The abdomen is the posterior part of the body.

19. Crustaceans
The carapace is the part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax.
A mandible is a mouthpart adapted for biting and grinding food.

20. Decapods (10 legs) Largest group of crustaceans
first pair of legs are called chelipeds.
Chelipeds: large claws that are modified to catch, pick up, crush, and cut food.

21. Crustaceans Along the abdomen are several pairs of swimmerets.
Swimmerets: flipperlike appendages used for swimming.
Tail also helps them swim, backwards

22. Barnacles Sessile attach to rocks and marine animals
Because of their outer shell-like coverings, barnacles were once classified as mollusks.

23. Spiders (and their relatives)
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Members include:
Horseshoe Crab
Spiders
Tick
Scorpion

24. Chelicerates have: mouthparts called chelicerae
two body sections (cephalothorax and abdomen
four pairs of walking legs (some 5)

25. Chelicerates two pairs of appendages adapted as mouthparts.
chelicerae contain fangs and are used to stab and paralyze prey.
pedipalps are longer than the chelicerae and are usually modified to grab prey

26. Chelicerates are divided into two main classes:
Class Merostomata includes horseshoe crabs
Class Arachnida includes spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions.

27. Horseshoe crab oldest living arthropods (500 million years ago)
not crabs at all
They are heavily armor-plated, like crabs, but have an anatomy closer to that of spiders.
have chelicerae
five pairs of walking legs
Long tail used for movement.

28. Spider Feeding
Some spin webs of a strong, flexible protein called silk, which they use to catch flying prey.

29. Spider feeding
Others, like the tarantula stalk and then pounce on their prey.

30. spiders do not have jaws for chewing
must liquefy food to swallow it.
uses fanglike chelicerae to inject paralyzing venom into it.
then spider injects digestive enzymes into the wounds.
These enzymes break down the prey's tissues
the spider sucks the tissues in the form of a liquid

31. Spiders All spiders produce silk
Spinnerets- are organs that contain silk glands.
Use it for:
webs
cocoons for eggs
wrappings for prey

32. Mites and Ticks Small Often parasitic
Ticks can transmit bacteria that cause serious diseases, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease.

33. Mites and Ticks Includes: Wood ticks Deer Ticks Head lice Bed Bugs
Dust Mites

34. Scorpions Live in warm areas Pedipalps enlarged into claws.
The long, segmented abdomen of a scorpion carries a venomous stinger that can kill or paralyze prey.

35. Insects (and their relatives)
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Uniramia
Characteristics of Uniramians
have jaws
one pair of antennae
unbranched appendages

36. Class Chilopoda – the centipedes
Can have 100 pairs of legs, or more
carnivores with venomous mouthparts
Liveunder rocks or in the soil

37. Class Diploda – Millipedes
two pairs of legs/segment
live under rocks and in decaying logs.
Eat dead and decaying plant material.
When disturbed, roll up into a ball.
defend themselves by secreting unpleasant or toxic chemicals.

38. Percentage of animal species

39. Class Insecta body divided into three parts—
Head
thorax
abdomen.
Three pairs of legs are attached to the thorax.
1 pair of antennae
1 pair of compound eyes
two pairs of wings on the thorax

40. Compound eyes Multiple lenses make up one image
Image is less detailed than humans
BUT BETTER AT DETECTING MOVEMENT

41. Insect senses
have chemical receptors for taste and smell on their mouthparts and also on their antennae and legs.
Many insects also have well-developed ears that hear sounds far above the human range.
Located behind the legs in grasshoppers 

42. Insect feeding
have three pairs of appendages that are used as mouthparts, including a pair of mandibles.
These mouthparts can take on a variety of shapes

43. Many insects can fly! 
flight has allowed insects to disperse long distances and to colonize a wide variety of habitats.

44. Metamorphosis:the process of changing shape and form.
Insects undergo either incomplete metamorphosis or complete metamorphosis.

45. Metamorphosis continued
Incomplete metamorphosis: type of insect development characterized by a similar appearance throughout all stages of the life cycle.

46. Metamorphosis continued
Complete metamorphosis: type of insect development in which the larva look and act nothing like their parents.

47. Societies
Ants, bees, termites, and some of their relatives form complex associations called societies.
A society is a group of closely related animals of the same species that work together for the benefit of the whole group.

48. Castes
Within an insect society, individuals may be specialized to perform particular tasks, or roles.
These are performed by groups of individuals called castes