1. Warm up – 2/9/17
What did Native Americans refer to as the “three sisters”?

2. Medieval Europe

3. What influenced the Europeans to explore, especially North America?

4. Middle Ages 500-1500 People very superstitious Mapmakers
Uneducated, knew very little about the outside world
Believed in magic and witchcraft
Mapmakers
Draw pictures of sea monsters & other creatures on maps

5. But time will change these ideas…..
Here there be monsters
But time will change these ideas…..

6. Crusades Roman Catholic Church popular
Religion dominates the lives of the people
Begin to go on pilgrimages to Christian shrines and holy places
Where are a majority of these holy places?
Palestine (Holy Land)
Pope Urban II in 1095 called on all Christian kings and knights to go to war to recapture the holy lands.
Series of wars called the Crusades
Cont. until 1291

8. Results of Crusades
At 1st the Crusaders did gain territory but the Muslims won it back
Success
Open Europe's eyes to the rest of the world
Experienced new land/people
Boost trade b/w Europe and the Middle East
New knowledge (weapons, religions, etc)
Got a taste of exotic luxury goods
Fruits, spices, sugar, silks, perfumes and carpets
Italy will become huge market center

9. Renaissance Period called “rebirth” Sparked new ways of thinking
What's the meaning of life?
Valued individualism
Scientists begin to question the accepted teachings of the Catholic Church (black plague)
Is the church telling the truth?
Very popular in Italy 1400s & 1500s
Inspiration of artists

10. Protestant Reformation
People begin to turn against the Catholic church
Teachings (sale of indulgences)
Corruption in the church
1517: German monk Martin Luther wrote 95 theses
Criticized church practices
Called for public debate
Hoped to bring about reforms but he started a religious revolution
People who supported called Protestants

11. Catholic Counter-Reformation
period of Catholic revival
initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation
Catholic Church promised to REFORM some of their policies
Outcome:
" reconversion" of some parts of Europe particularly Spain
new religious orders like the Jesuits
greater intensity in missionary activity especially in Latin America
more printing of Catholic literature
stronger censorship of "heretical works"
Council of Trent

13. Finally…..Spanish Inquisition
established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.
intended to maintain Catholic religion in their kingdoms
Outcome:
Send Jesuits to North America to Convert the Native Americans