1. Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.96 (IRTT 2015), pp.9-13
A Study on Estimation of the Amount of Construction Wastes Using Construction Material Costs in Korea
Kyun-Hyong Cho1, Hung-Chan Jeon1*, Myung-Eun Lee1, Jun-Ho An1, Doo-Sung Choi2
1 Department of Architectural Engineering, Suwon University, Hwaseong, Korea
2 Department of Building Equipment & Fire Protection System, Chungwoon University, Incheon, Korea
Abstract. This study suggested how to estimate weight by input material using construction material costs. In addition, the amount of construction wastes produced was estimated against a total of 28 apartment complexes in Korea using the method proposed in this study. The study results found that when an apartment building was demolished, 1,739.6kg/m2 of construction wastes were produced in average. Among them, concrete waste accounted for approximately 92 percent.
Keywords: Construction waste, Construction statements, Input-output table, Construction material cost
1 Introduction
The life cycle assessment of a structure refers to the method of assessing the environmental impact from the process of producing materials put into a structure until the process of its dismantlement and disuse after going through the construction & use phase. Among this process, calculation of the weight of construction wastes generated in the process of dismantlement and disuse is a definitely necessary task in the life cycle assessment, but its related researches are actually insufficient in comparison with the phase of material production or construction & its use notwithstanding that environmental impact of construction wastes is found to be about 1%[1] of the whole process.
In case of Korea, there is a research [2][3][4] which constructed the source of construction wastes through the case analysis among the researches on amount of construction wastes, but there follows a difficult problem in applying the basic unit calculated by the existing researches to various types of buildings due to structural dissimilarity in survey objects by each research, and diversity of the generated wastes by process.
Hereupon, this study is intending to suggest the method that makes it possible to calculate the construction wastes generation using the construction statements which specify the information about all input construction materials.
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2. 2 Analysis Method 3 Analysis Result
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.96 (IRTT 2015)
2 Analysis Method
This study is aimed at calculating the unit weight by input materials and its consequent construction wastes generation through the material cost analysis of construction statements. However, in case of calculation of wastes generation through the analysis of construction statements, there is a problem of difficulty in grasping the weight, and consequently calculating wastes generation due to the difference in unit and standard. Particularly, the materials like numerable products(windows & doors, electronic component, sink, various furniture, etc.) ,which are composed of one product are set as EA unit, and in case of H-shaped steel, it was analyzed to be set in ton or m , and in case of ready-mixed concrete cement, it was analyzed to be set in m3.
To this, this study suggest the method of calculating the wastes generation by calculating the unit weight through 'The Supply Value List' by Sector and Item' of the Input-Output Table in relation to input materials cost of Construction Statements as follows;.
First, Classification of the input materials according to industrial classification suggested in the Input-Output Table through the analysis of Construction Statements
Second, Calculation of unit price per unit weight(kg) over detailed item of industrial classification using 'Supply Price List' of Input-Output Table for weight calculation consequent on input unit price by industrial classification
Third, Calculation of the weight of individually input materials in a structure by applying the calculated unit price per unit weight(kg)by industrial classification to materials cost of the industrially classified Construction Statements, and calculation of wastes generation by property by classifying industrial classification items according to property classification standards.
3 Analysis Result
3.1 Unit Cost Calculation Result per Unit Weight (kg) by Industrial Classification
The unit cost per unit weight (kg) by industrial classification, which was finally calculated, using this study-suggested method is shown in <Table 1> below;
Table 1. Unit Price Calculation Result per Unit Weight(kg)
Industri al code
Name
Unit price (won/kg)
Industri al code
Unit price (won/kg) 38
Sand and pebbles 95
207
Primary aluminum products
6,454 40
Other stone materials for architecture
206
208
Other primary nonferrous metal products
54,284 44
Other non-metal minerals
238
209
Metal products for buildings
12,059 96
Other fabrics
30,117
210
Metal products for structures
8,240
106
Other textiles
16,813
211
Installable metal tank and storage vessel
7,077
107
Twine, rope, and fishing net
6,699
214
Screws
18,662
114
Lumber
498
215
Iron wire
5,340
115
Plywood
1,606
216
Attachable metal product
13,978
117
Wood products for architecture
1,865
219
Other metal goods
12,917
119
Other wood products
3,497
221
Valve
19,559
128
Other paper products
7,050
223
Industrial transport equipment
5,324
129
Printing
22,365
224
Air-conditioning, refrigerating, and freezing equipment
15,246
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3. 3.2 Construction Wastes Generation Calculation Result
Advanced Science and Technology Letters
Vol.96 (IRTT 2015)
148
Synthetic fiber
2,074
225
Boiler
12,828
159
Paints
9,170
227
Pump and compressor
24,563
161
Adhesive and gelatin
7,792
228
Air and liquid filtering purifier
33,404
165
Other chemical products
8,026
229
Other general-purpose machines
98,254
166
Primary plastic products
11,323
233
Construction and mineral processing machines
167
Industrial plastic
17,293
242
Other electric converters
29,160
168
Home plastic products
7,607
243
Electricity supply and control equipment
53,225
169
Tire and tube
2,307
244
Electric wires and cables
43,563
170
Industrial rubber products
14,089
246
Light bulbs and lighting fixtures
12,272
172
Plate glass and primary glass
25,803
247
Other electric equipment
52,313
173
Industrial glass products
5,557
249
Flat-panel digital display
62,518
177
Fireproofceramic products
4,491
252
Resistor and condenser
32,568
178
Clay products for construction
504
255
Other electrical parts
235,967
179
Cement 46
256 TV
49,549
180
Ready-mix concrete 24
257
AV equipment
12,260
181
Concrete products
425
258
Other AV equipment
182
Lime and plaster products
376
259
Landline communication equipment
25,000
183
Masonry
558
264
Refrigerator and freezer for home
6,740
186
Asphalt products
120
266
Electric heater for home
191
Rebar and steel bar
2,118
267
Electric water heater for home
192
Section steel
1,264
269
Automatic adjustment and control equipment
107,539
194
Hotrolled steel
984
270
Measurement and analysis equipment
133,184
195
Steel pipe (except forged steel pipe)
5,041
271
Video recorder and projector
197
Forgery
1,713
272
Other optical equipment
123,872
199
Surface-coated steel
1,312
288
Wood furniture
1,634
200
Other primary steel products
1,228
290
Other furniture
5,070
206
Primary copper products
7,751
292
Athletic and competition equipmetn and materials
26,225
3.2 Construction Wastes Generation Calculation Result
This study set the Korean representative residence building, i.e apartment house as its analysis object, and analyzed it by selecting a total of 28 apartment housing complexes which were constructed after In case of construction wastes, this study classified them into 11 sorts as shown in <Table 2> below according to properties using the classification system standard of wastes[6].
Table 2. Construction Wastes Classification Result
Description Industrial classification name
Waste Concrete Cement, ready-mix concrete, and concrete products
Waste asphalt concrete Asphalt concrete
Waste wood Lumber, plywood, recycled and compregnated wood, architectural wood products, wood furniture etc.
Waste plastic Synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber, and plastic products
Various waste oils, refined petroleum products, primary petrochemical products, and other primary organic
Construction Sludge
compounds.
Waste fiber Various threads and textiles
Waste wallpaper Paper
Waste steel All metals
Waste Glass Plate glass, primary glass, industrial glass products, and other glass products
Waste soil Sand, pebbles, rubble, other stone materials for construction, limestone, and masonry
Mixed Construction waste A mix oftwo or more ofthe above-listed construction wastes
Calculation of the weight by input material by applying the unit price per unit weight(kg) by industrial classification shown in <Table 1> to the input material cost
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4. Fig 1. Construction Wastes Generation Calculation Result(28 Complexes)
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.96 (IRTT 2015)
of the Construction Statements for the analysis object-apartment buildings, and specifying of the gathered results by property in <Fig. 1> below.
Fig 1. Construction Wastes Generation Calculation Result(28 Complexes)
As a result of calculating the construction wastes generation of the apartment buildings, it was analyzed that in case of waste concrete, which accounted for the highest waste generation rate, it generated 1,600.2kg on an average per unit area(m2), followed by waste steel generating 52.5kg, and next, mixed construction waste(31.9kg), waste soil(19.9kg), waste asphalt concrete(16.2kg), waste wood(12.1kg), waste plastic(5.6kg), waste glass(0.8kg), waste wallpaper(0.5kg) and the last waste fiber(0.1kg). In case of Construction Sludge, it was found not to be generated in time of dismantling apartment buildings.
4 Conclusion
This study suggested the method that makes it possible to calculate construction wastes generation using the Construction Statements, and the construction wastes generation calculated through the case analysis is as follows;
This study constructed Database by calculating the unit price per the unit weight(kg) of 78 sorts related to architecture among the total of 404 sorts in industrial classification suggested in 'Input-Output Table of Korea' on the basis of Construction Statements.
This study calculated construction wastes generation consequent on the analysis of Construction Statements of a total of 28 apartment building complexes of Korea by classifying construction wastes into 12 sorts according to their properties through the application of the constructed DB.
As a result of calculation, it was analyzed that the total construction wastes generation per unit area(m2) was kg to the maximum and 1,462.4kg to the minimum, which explained there was a difference according to the number of floors, structure and sorts of input materials of a building even in case of a building of the
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5. Advanced Science and Technology Letters
Vol.96 (IRTT 2015)
same use. The average construction wastes generation was found to be 1,739.7kg, among which waste concrete was analyzed to account for about 92%.
Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOE)(NRF )
References
Choi, D.S., Jeon, H.C., Cho, K.H. : Analysis regarding the Environmental Impact of the Life Cycle of Housing Complexes in Korea, Korea Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol.15(5), pp (2014)
Korea Ministry of Environment: A Study on Separate Collection and a Unit of Construction Waste. (2004)
Jeong, E.H., Son, B.H., Hong, W.H., Jung, J.S. : A Comparison Study of Construction Waste Units on Residential Building Before and After Dismantling, Journal of The Architectural Institute of Korea, Vol.23(10), pp (2007)
Son, B.H., Hong W.H. : The Investigation on Application of Construction Waste Unit to Establish Resource Recycling System through Case Study, Journal of The Korea Institute of Ecological Architecture and Environment, Vol.10(5), pp (2010)
The Bank of Korea, 2003 Input-Output Tables. (2007)
Korea Ministry of Environment : 2011 Generation and Treatment of Waste in korea. (2012)
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