1. Transporting Molecules

2. Diffusion

3. from “where there’s A LOT” to “where there’s NOT”
Animatioin from:
Molecules move
from “where there’s A LOT”
to “where there’s NOT”

4. DIFFUSION across a space
Happens anytime there is a _____________ in concentration in one place compared to another
(________________________)
DIFFERENCE
= Concentration gradient

5. DIFFUSION across a space
Molecules move automatically from an area of _______ concentration to an area of ________ concentration
EX: _____________________
_____________________
Higher
Lower
Perfume, Koolaid, popcorn,
BBQ, Bad smell in room

6. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells
Image modiified from:

7. If there is a difference in concentration on two sides of a membrane… Diffusion can happen ACROSS A MEMBRANE too!
…as long as membrane will let molecule through

8. SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

9. EXAMPLE: Oxygen molecules move automatically from lungs into blood
Image modified from:
EXAMPLE:
Oxygen molecules
move automatically
from lungs
into blood
DIFFUSION moves them from HIGHER (lungs) concentration to LOWER concentration (blood)

10. What if cell needs to move large or polar molecules?
EX:
Glucose
Amino acids

11. What if cell needs to move a molecule AGAINST the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT?
(LOW  HIGH)
Example :
Glucose into mitochondria
Image from:

12. What if cell needs to move molecules really FAST
What if cell needs to move molecules really FAST? (can’t wait for it to diffuse)
Example in cells:
Movement of Na + & K+
ions sends nerve signals

13. WAYS MOLECULES MOVE ACROSS MEMBRANES
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Does NOT require energy
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Requires energy

14. Kidspiration by: Riedell

15. Kinds of Passive Transport
__________________________________
___________________________________
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Ion Channels

16. DIFFUSION across a membrane
Moves from:
HIGHER concentration  LOWER
Any kind of molecule that
can pass through the
membrane can do this.
EX: ______________
______________
OXYGEN
CARBON DIOXIDE

17. OSMOSIS MOVES WATER MOLECULES Across a SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE
Moves from HIGHER  LOWER

18. What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules can’t move across a membrane?
WATER will move
until concentration
reaches equilibrium

19.  Osmosis1

20. OSMOSIS
Osmosis4
HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell
More water leaves cell than enters so cell ____________
GREATER THAN
shrinks

21. OSMOSIS
Osmosis3
HYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cell More water enters than leaves cell so cell will ___________________
LESS THAN
Swell bigger

22. OSMOSIS ISOTONIC: Concentration outside cell ____________ EQUALS
concentration inside cell
Water entering = water leaving so cell _____________________
EQUALS
STAYS THE SAME SIZE

23. Animal cells = cytolysis = crenation

24. Plant cells = Plasmolysis
Plant cells
= Plasmolysis
No cytolysis/cell wall keeps it from bursting

25. VACUOLES store WATER TURGOR PRESSURE _______________________ =
TURGOR PRESSURE
_______________________ =
Pressure of water molecules pushing
against cell wall

26. SO WHAT?

27. SO WHAT? Bath water is HYPOTONIC compared to you
Sitting in the bathtub causes your fingers and toes to wrinkle up when water enters your skin cells by osmosis

28. Kinds of Passive Transport
__________________________________
___________________________________
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Ion Channels

29. Facilitated Diffusion Carrier proteins help diffusion go faster

30. FACILITATED DIFFUSION
NO energy required
Passive = ____________________
Moves from ________________________
_____________________ bind molecule, change shape, and release it on other side of membrane
(Carrier proteins are _______________ proteins)
Molecules that move this way in cells:
_______________________
HIGH  LOW
Carrier Proteins
Integral
GLUCOSE

31. Facilitated Diffusion
Animation from:

32. Kinds of Passive Transport
__________________________________
___________________________________
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Ion Channels

33. ION CHANNEL

34. ION CHANNELS PASSIVE _____________transport (no energy required)
Molecules move from ___________________
Small passageways for _______ to get through membrane
Each ion has own kind of passageway
Examples in cells: Na+ , Cl- , Ca + + , K +
HIGH  LOW
IONS

35. ION CHANNELS Some channels always open Some channels have “gates”
that open or close
in response to signals
SIGNALS:
stretching of cell membrane
electrical signals
chemicals
Animation from:

36. Kidspiration by: Riedell

37. Kinds of Active Transport
Sodium-Potassium Pump
________________________________________
___________________________________
____________________________________
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

38. SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
ATP
ACTIVE
___________ transport (requires energy from ______)
Special just for Na+ and K + ions
Uses integral ___________________ to move molecules
Examples in nerve cells: Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells
Carrier Proteins

39. Na+ and K + PUMP
Animation from:

40. ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell
_____________transport (requires energy from ATP)
Uses small membrane sacs to carry substances
______________
ACTIVE
= VESICLES

41. 2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell
If taking in:
fluid, molecules = ____________________
large particles or whole cells = __________________
Examples in cells:
one celled organisms eat this way
white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way
PINOCYTOSIS
PHAGOCYTOSIS

42. ENDOCYTOSIS
Animation from:

43. PHAGOCYTOSIS
White blood cell destroying germs

44. EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell
__________ transport (requires energy)
Substances move in____________
Examples in cells:
Golgi release packaged proteins
ACTIVE
VESICLES

45. Exocytosis

46. GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Animation from:

47. Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Outline2.gif/TransportMedia/EndoExocytosisMovie.htm