1. URINARY SYSTEM 2 Urinary Bladder and Urethra

2. Urinary Bladder

3. Site:
It lies in the anterior and lower part of the pelvic cavity.
Shape:
It is pyramidal in shape.
Retroperitoneal organ
Lies behind the Symphysis Pubis

4. It is a collapsible muscular sac
Stores and expels urine
Full bladder – is spherical and expands into the abdominal cavity
Empty bladder – lies entirely within the pelvis

5. Parts: 1. Apex: Directed anteriorly (Median umbilical ligament) to the umbilicus??? 2. Base: Directed posteriorly.- Trigone 3. Three surfaces: a. Superior surface. b. Two infero-lateral surfaces (one on each side). 4. Three angles: a. Two postero-superior angles (one on each side). b. Inferior angle (neck of the bladder).

6. Structure: - The bladder wall is formed of the following layers:  1
Structure: - The bladder wall is formed of the following layers:  1. Mucosa: Lined by transitional epithelium. 2. Muscular layer: - It is formed of detrusor muscle. 3. Serosa

9. The Neck of the bladder is the most fixed part
Held in position by 2 fibromuscular bands that hook around the neck and the pelvic part of the urethra and fix them to the postero-inferior part of the 2 pubic bones.
Male - Female

11. Relations:
Males: anterior to rectum, above prostate
Females: inferior to uterus, anterior to vagina

12. Nerve Supply:
1-Sympathetic: Through the vesical plexuses through Hypogastric plexuses and nerves
2- Parasympathetic: Pelvic Hypogastric nerves and Inferior Hypogastric Plexus

13. Urethra

14. Urethra Female ~ 4cm long
opens to exterior between clitoris and vaginal opening
Male ~ 20 cm long
passes through prostate gland
pierces urogenital diaphragm
enters penis and extends throughout length
opens at urethral orifice
Urethra

15. It is a common duct for both the urinary and genital systems allowing for the passage of both urine and semen to the outside
Male Urethra

16. Parts:
Prostatic urethra (1 ½ inches) = widest part : Passes through the prostate gland
2. Membranous urethra (1/2 inch) = narrowest part: Passes through the urogenital diaphragm
3. Penile or spongy urethra (6 inches) : Passes through the length of the penis

19. Female Urethra It is short, about 1 ½ inches (4 cm) long.
- It extends from the neck of the urinary bladder, then it passes downwards and forwards.
- It lies just anterior to the vagina.
Female Urethra

21. Nerve Supply Male: Prostatic Plexus
Female: Vesical Plexus and Pudendal nerve
Nerve Supply

22. THANK YOU