1. Human Reproduction

2. Human Reproduction
The REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM is the ONLY system in the body that isn’t necessary for the SURVIVAL of an individual.
However, the REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM is necessary for an entire SPECIES’ survival!
It allows us to not go EXTINCT.

3. VOCABULARY Gonad: MALE and FEMALE SEX GLANDS Ex: OVARIES and TESTES
Gamete: MALE and FEMALE SEX CELLS
Ex: EGG and SPERM
Meiosis: Type of cell division that PRODUCES and MATURES gametes.

4. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FUNCTION: PRODUCE and RELEASE of sperm

5. PARTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Testes: also known as the male GONAD --testes are glands and therefore they secrete a HORMONE called TESTOSTERONE --where SPERM are produced and developed by the process of MEIOSIS Scrotum: holds the TESTES outside the body --provides optimum TEMPERATURE for sperm PRODUCTION and STORAGE ** 1 to 2 degrees cooler

6. PARTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Epididymus: stores SPERM
Vas deferens: TUBE that carries SPERM from each testicle to the URETHRA
Urethra: tube that carries URINE and SPERM through the penis to the OUTSIDE of the body
Seminal vesicle and the prostate gland:
--secretes nourishing FLUID into the URETHRA
--mixes with SPERM to make SEMEN
--allows SPERM to survive their JOURNEY through the female reproductive system

7. SIDE VIEW OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SEMINAL
VESICLE
5. BLADDER
7. PROSTATE
10. RECTUM
8. URETHRA
9. PENIS 22
4. VAS DEFERENS
2. TESTES
1. SCROTUM
3. EPIDIDYMUS

8. FRONT VIEW OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. sperm & testosterone are developed in the TESTES
2. sperm are collected in the EPIDIDYMUS
3. sperm travel through the VAS DEFERENS
4. SEMINAL VESICLE provides fructose for the sperm
5. the BLADDER holds urine until discharge
6. the URETHRA releases urine & semen
7. the PROSTATE GLAND produces a protective, nutritive secretion for the sperm

9. FRONT VIEW OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
In the body of the prostate, ducts from the seminal vesicles and the prostate unite with the urethra.

10. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Ovaries: also known as the female GONAD
ovaries are glands and therefore secrete HORMONES called ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE
Where EGGS are produced and developed by the process of MEIOSIS

11. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Follicles: egg SACS found in the OVARIES
1 EGG is formed and MATURED in each follicle
Females are BORN with an IMMATURE egg in each follicle
Eggs begin to mature at PUBERTY
The process that produces and matures an egg is called MEIOSIS

12. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
OVARY
FOLLICLE
3. EGG being released

13. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Oviduct (Fallopian tube): has CILIA to draw EGG into the tube
*** Where FERTILIZATION takes place

14. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FERTILIZATION
OVIDUCT
CILIA
Follicle releasing an egg
OVARY

15. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Uterus: thick-walled MUSCULAR organ where IMPLANTATION occurs (if fertilization occurred)
If no fertilization occurs, the uterine lining SHEDS
This is known as MENSTRUATION

16. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FOLLICLE

17. PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Cervix: NARROW neck of the UTERUS
Vagina: where MENSTRUAL fluid EXITS the body
Where SPERM is deposited
Also known as the BIRTH canal

18. FRONT VIEW OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FOLLICLE
Aka OVIDUCT
Aka UTERINE LINING

19. SIDE VIEW OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
OVARY
OVIDUCT
UTERUS
CERVIX
BLADDER
URETHRA
VAGINA

20. THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE Begins at PUBERTY Ends at MENOPAUSE
Takes about 28 days
Regulated by 4 hormones:
1) LH (LUTEINIZING HORMONE)secreted by pituitary
2) FSH (FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE)secreted by pituitary
3) ESTROGENsecreted by ovaries
4) PROGESTERONEsecreted by ovaries

21. HORMONES & THEIR TARGET CELLS
Pituitary Gland secretes:
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
Target Cells:
OVARIES
Ovaries Secrete:
ESTROGEN
PROGESTERONE
Target Cells:
UTERUS

22. THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

23. THE STAGES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Follicle Stage (10 – 14 days long)
FSH causes egg to mature
ESTROGEN increases, thus shutting down the FSH (negative feedback)

24. STAGES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Ovulation (1 day long)
EGG bursts from the follicle due to high amounts of LH

25. STAGES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Corpus Luteum Stage: (10 – 14 days long)
PROGESTERONE increases, thus shutting down LH (negative feedback)
Uterus THICKENS with blood and mucus in anticipation of fertilized egg

26. STAGES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Menstruation: (3 – 5 days long)
Uterine lining is SHED along with unfertilized egg because all the hormones are low
THEN….the whole cycle starts over again!

27. TWINS Fraternal twins: More than one EGG is fertilized
Either the same OVARY releases 2 mature eggs or both OVARIES release a MATURE egg
Each egg reaches the OVIDUCT where they are FERTILIZED by 2 DIFFERENT sperm
GENETIC: runs in families because ovulation is regulated by hormones and hormones are produced genetically

28. TWINS Identical twins: ONE early stage EMBRYO splits in TWO
Not GENETIC = random
**An embryo splitting occurs by chance

29. TWINS