1. CIVIL WAR People Vocabulary 1860 Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis
Robert E. Lee
Ulysses Grant
1861
Vocabulary
Sectionalism
Secession
Union
Confederacy
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg Address
1863
1863
1865

2. EVENTS LEADING UP TO CIVIL WAR
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Dred Scott case (1857)
John Brown (1859)
Sectionalism

3. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1860
In 1860, Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln ran against each other again (1st time as senators of IL), this time for president
Lincoln had become well known from their debates about slavery
This time, Lincoln won, becoming the 16th president
He was the first Republican president on a platform pledging to keep slavery out of the territories

4. 1860 ELECTION RESULTS

5. SOUTHERN STATES SECEDE
Lincoln received no support in the South because they believed he wanted to end slavery
Since there were so many more people in the North, he won the election anyway
As soon as Lincoln won the election, the South started to secede
This means the South split from the Union.
They no longer wanted to be part of the United States
Supporters of secession based their arguments on the idea of states’ rights
They said they had voluntarily joined the union, so they could leave when they wanted

6. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA
On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede
They were followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
The eleven states that had seceded formed the Confederate States of America
They named Jefferson Davis as president
They wrote a new Constitution which made slavery legal

8. CIVIL WAR BEGINS
The event that triggered war came at Fort Sumter in Charleston Bay on April 12, 1861
Claiming this United States fort as their own, the Confederate army opened fire on the federal garrison and forced it to lower the American flag in surrender
Lincoln called out the militia to suppress this "insurrection."
By the end of 1861 nearly a million armed men confronted each other along a line stretching 1200 miles from Virginia to Missouri

9. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION JANUARY 1, 1863
The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free”
It freed enslaved persons only in parts of the Confederacy not under the control of the Union army.
The proclamation had no effect on enslaved African Americans in the border states that had not joined the Confederacy
Did Lincoln have any say over the Confederate States of America?
South ignored the Emancipation Proclamation, but it did change to focus of the war to the issue of slavery.

10. GETTYSBURG ADDRESS NOV 1863
Both sides lost many men (confederates = 28,000, union = 23,000)
Confederates lost the battle of Gettysburg and it was a huge defeat
Lincoln visited the battle site to dedicate a cemetery to honor those soldiers who died there
His speech created a huge advancement in individual rights in the U.S. He said that all Americans regardless of heritage had a stake in the future of the nation
Lincoln redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union, but also for the principle of human equality

12. CIVIL WAR ENDS – 1865
The Confederacy had lost a huge proportion of their military and those that were left were hungry and demoralized.
360,000 Union soldiers and 260,000 Confederate soldiers died (about 1/3). 375,000 were wounded.
April 14, 1865 – Lincoln Assassination.
The attack came only five days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the American Civil War.

13. LINCOLN IS ASSASSINATED
On April 14, 1865 Lincoln was shot in the head while attending a play in at Ford’s theater in Washington, D.C.
He was the first president ever assassinated
His killer, John Wilkes Booth escaped, but was shot and killed later
More than 7,000,000 Americans turned out to mourn -1/3rd of population
The play was a British comedy called, My American Cousin

14. EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR
The Civil War was the deadliest war in American history
Over 620,000 died -nearly as many as all other U.S. wars combined
The role of the federal government increased
Economically the gap between North and South widened Slavery abolished
North=economy boom
South=economy devastated
U.S. CIVIL WAR

15. Year for Population Estimate
War
Deaths
% of Total War Deaths
Year for Population Estimate
Estimated Population
Deaths/ Population
Revolutionary War
4,435 0%
1783
2,963,726
0.15%
War of 1812
2,260
1815
8,439,167
0.03%
Mexican War
13,283 1%
1848
21,966,171
0.06%
Civil War
624,511
49%
1865
35,000,846
1.78%
Spanish-American War
2,446
1898
73,565,688
0.00%
World War 1
116,516 9%
1918
103,262,929
0.11%
World War 2
405,399
32%
1945
141,745,184
0.29%
Korean War
36,516 3%
1953
159,725,011
0.02%
Vietnam War
58,152 5%
1973
210,274,081