2. Societies and Empires
of Africa, 800–1500
Idia, first Queen Mother of Benin and of Oba Esigie, king of Benin. Sculpture (16th century), Benin.
Empires develop in northern, western, and southern Africa. Trade helps spread Islam and makes some African empires very wealthy.

6. Bantu Language and Migration Next 4 slides are review from Unit 2….
As the Sahara desert expanded, Bantu people moved south for better farmland and brought their language with them.
Bantu is the largest single language today, but only in the South. Arabic is most common in the North.*
Bantu

8. Animism Religion and Culture
Many early Africans shared similar religious beliefs and shared common features in the arts as well.
Many Africans also practiced form of religion called animism—belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, other natural objects have spirits similar to Shintoism in Japan
Animism reflected Africans’ close ties to natural world
Many believed that unseen spirits of ancestors stayed near*
Animism

9. North and Central African Societies
Hunting-Gathering Societies
Hunters and Gatherers
• Primarily hunting-gathering groups in these regions.
• An older male (Paternal) leads, but each family makes its own decisions
• Problems within group are settled by discussion; no written laws
This ends the Africa Review… now to the new!*
Image

10. Muslim States North Africa • 630s-ACE, Muslims conquer N. Africa
(Golden Age of Islam)
• Many Africans convert to Islam
• Islamic law brings order to N. Africa – “Standard Arabic” brings written + unified language and law
Who else unified people with a common language?
Shi-Wandi, Pachacuti, Romans, *

11. Islamic Influences Islam in East Africa
• Muslim merchants spread Islam as they trade on eastern coast
West coast of Africa stay more traditional-
Animism…. Maps it easier for the Spanish to and Europeans to say they are not “civilized” *MAP

13. Islamic Influences Islam in East Africa
• Muslim merchants spread Islam as they trade on eastern coast
Enslavement of Africans
• Africans are sold in Arabia, Persia, and India
• Trade in slaves fairly small, but steady
• Increases drastically in the 1700s WHY?
Columbian exchange + Ecomienda system*

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17. West African Civilizations
Empire of Ghana
Growing Trade in Ghana- Vid,12 min. Mankind, disc 2, survivors.
• In 200s, Berbers begin using camels to cross Sahara for trade
• Muslims use word Ghana “chief” to refer to people of that land
• By 700, trade is making people rich in the kingdom
Ghana
• Gold mined in forests South of Sahara; Salt mined from Sahara. Why was salt to valuable???
• Ghana provides protection, taxes trade, and ensures fairness*

18. Empire of Ghana
ACE
SECTION 2
No writing system. Traditions and laws are Oral.
By 800, Ghana rules an empire and taxes surrounding kings
• Only king can own gold nuggets; keeps prices high
• King commands army, acts as chief judge and religious leader*

19. Empire of Mali Rise of Mali
SECTION 2
Rise of Mali
• By 1235, Ghana replaced by Mali—another kingdom based on gold trade
• Mali becomes wealthy as the gold trade routes shift eastward

20. Empire of Mali King Mansa Musa Expands Mali
Story of Mankind disc 2
King Mansa Musa Expands Mali
• Some later rulers become Muslim
• Most famous ruler is Mansa Musa —rules Mali from
1312–1332
• Mansa Musa was skilled military leader and fair ruler
• After returning from the haji, Mansa Musa builds mosques in Timbuktu and Gao
Travels of Ibn Battuta
• In 1352, Ibn Battuta—Muslim scholar and traveler— visits Mali. He helps open trade,, like Marco Polo.
• By 1400, Mali begins to decline* chart*

21. Audio Cut Mansa Musa

43. Empire of Songhai last note slide
• Songhai— control gold trade moving farther east
Songhai trade with Europeans who need labor workers. They capture and sell smaller tribes to the Europeans.
Defeated with Guns
*fin

47. Gold= Wealth and trade
Glory
God
1453 AD Constantinople Falls.
This cuts off
Access to goods from Asia.

49. Was the Age of Exploration positive or negative?
What was positive?
What was negative?

50. Go back to
Meso slide deck

51. Posters for review: Mesoamerica- Inca Aztec Mayan
African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, Songhai
Columbian Exchange
Positive aspects of the Age of Exploration
Negative Aspects of the Age of Exploration