1. PERIODIC TABLE Topic 5 Review Book
Metals, Non-Metals, & Metalloids; Groups / Families

2. The Periodic Table

3. METALS Found on the left side of the Periodic Table
Have less than 4 electrons in their valence level
Tend to give away (lose) electrons (+ ions)

4. METALS: Properties Have a luster and are often gray in color.
Are malleable – Can be bent or pounded into shape without breaking
Are ductile – Can be formed into wire
Are good conductors of heat and electricity
All solids except Mercury (Hg)
Low ionization energy
Low electronegativity

5. Examples of Metals

6. NON-METALS Found on the right side of the “stair step” line
Have more than 4 electrons in their valence level
Tend to gain electrons when forming bonds (- ions)

7. NON-METALS: Properties
Have a dull finish
Are brittle and powdery
Are not ductile
Are poor conductors of heat and electricity
Solids and gases with one liquid (Bromine)
High ionization energy
High electronegativity

8. Examples of Non Metals

9. METALLOIDS
Elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
They are found along the “stair step” line on the Periodic Table

10. Examples of Metalloids
Boron

12. Groups / Families
Groups or families are the vertical columns on the periodic table.
These elements have the same number of electrons in their valence levels.
They also have many characteristics in common.
The group 2 elements; beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, & barium. They are called the Alkali Earth Metals.

13. Groups / Families Which elements are these? left – magnesium
right - calcium
What do they have in common?
The same number of electrons in their valence levels.
In which period and group would you find each one? How do you know?

14. Alkali Metal Family Each has only one electron in it’s valence level
Soft metals that rapidly corrode when exposed to air
React violently with water
Part of many common salts
Group 1
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15. Alkaline Earth Metals Have 2 electrons in their valence level.
Highly reactive and corrosive metals.
Magnesium is found in abundance in sea water.
Calcium is important for bones and teeth.
Group 2

16. Halogens: Group 17 Selected Properties of the Group 7 Halogens
Symbol and Name
Atomic Number
Electron arrangement
State and color at room temperature, color of vapor when heated
Melting point
Boiling point F
Fluorine 9
2.7
-220oC, 53K
-188oC 85K
Cl Chlorine 17
2.8.7
-101oC, 172K
 -34oC, 239K
Br Bromine 35
-7oC, 266K
59oC, 332K I
Iodine 53
114oC, 387K
185oC, 458K
At Astatine 85
302oC 575K
337oC 610K
black solid, very dark vapour
dark red liquid, orange to bromine vapour
pale yellow gas
green gas
very dark grey solid, purple vapour

17. Groups / Families
Group 17 is the Halogen family; fluorine, chlorine, bromine, & iodine.
What do all of these elements have in common?
Each has 7 electrons in its valence level

18. Noble or Inert Gases: Group 18
Have full valence levels.
Are gases at room temperature.
They rarely form compounds. Inert!!
Helium is the second most abundant element

19. Transition Metals
“short columns”
Form colored ions in solution

20. Periods Horizontal rows are known as periods
Elements in the same period have the same number of principal energy levels containing electrons

21. Practice Questions
Which three groups of the Periodic Table contain the most elements classified as metalloids (semimetals)?
a) 1, 2, and 13
b) 2, 13, and 14
c) 14, 15, and 16
d) 16, 17, and 18

22. Which element has the highest first ionization energy?
a) sodium
b) aluminum
c) calcium
d) phosphorus