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The Atmosphere: Part 2: Radiative equilibrium

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Presentation on theme: "The Atmosphere: Part 2: Radiative equilibrium"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Atmosphere: Part 2: Radiative equilibrium
Composition / Structure Radiative transfer Vertical and latitudinal heat transport Atmospheric circulation Climate modeling Suggested further reading: Hartmann, Global Physical Climatology (Academic Press, 1994)

2 Planetary energy balance
Emission temperature

3 Atmospheric absorption

4 Principal atmospheric absorbers
• H2O: Bent triatomic, with permanent dipole moment and pure rotational bands as well as rotation-vibration transitions • CO2 : No permanent dipole moment, so no pure rotational transitions, but temporary dipole during vibrational transitions • O3: Like water, but also involved in photodissociation • Other gases: CH4, N2O, CFCs Clouds and aerosols

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7 Top of atmosphere: by definition

8 Top of atmosphere: by definition Bottom of atmosphere:

9 Top of atmosphere: by definition Bottom of atmosphere:

10 Top of atmosphere: by definition Bottom of atmosphere:

11 A more opaque atmosphere — a warmer surface
Ta = Te T b = 21/4Te Ts = 31/4Te

12 Top of atmosphere: by definition Bottom of atmosphere:

13 Atmospheric energy balance

14 Atmospheric energy balance

15 Radiative equilibrium profile

16 Full calculation of radiative equilibrium

17 Full calculation of radiative equilibrium
surface much too warm

18 Full calculation of radiative equilibrium
tropopause too cold surface much too warm

19 Full calculation of radiative equilibrium
tropospheric lapse rate too large tropopause too cold surface much too warm

20 Full calculation of radiative equilibrium
stratosphere about right tropospheric lapse rate too large tropopause too cold surface much too warm

21 Radiative equilibrium: role of various absorbers

22 Approach to equilibrium

23 Effect of clouds

24 Radiative effect of clouds
Altitude and thickness Shape Liquid water content Ice/water Particle sizes


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