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The Sun
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Our sun is a Star like all the other stars in the sky
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Our Sun is an average star
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Compared to Earth the Sun is Huge
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Life Cycle of Stars
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Energy All stars get their energy from nuclear fusion
Fusion combines atoms of lighter elements into heavier elements Plasma is the fourth state of matter and is a result of the great heat and pressure This intense pressure tears atoms of hydrogen and helium apart
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Albert Einstein E = mc² E = Energy M = Mass
C = speed of light (186,000 mps)
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The Sun’s Layers
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Photosphere – the visible surface of the sun
Chromosphere – the inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere. It extends thousands of kilometers
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Sunspots Dark spots on the Photosphere
They move from left to right across the sun The number changes from day to day This shows the Sun rotates on its axis The rate of rotation varies At the equator it is approx 25 days At the poles it is approx 34 days
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Solar Wind Solar Wind – a constant stream of electrically charged particles from the corona They are mostly protons & electrons They travel at 450 kps They reach the Earth in a few days The Earth’s magnetic field shields the Earth from the Solar Wind
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Solar Events Coronal Holes – a hole in the corona giving off huge amount of solar wind Solar Flares – outbursts of light from sunspots giving off large amounts of solar wind The Earth’s Magnetic Field protects the Earth from this solar wind
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Solar Prominences
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Auroras Auroras are caused as the solar wind passes through the Earth’s magnetic field at the poles Magnetic Storms occur when the particles from coronal holes and solar flares are added to the constant solar wind This may interrupt cell phones, radio, TV, etc.
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The Dark Side of the Sun
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