1. Circulatory Disorders
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2. Circulatory disorders: Aneurysm
A ballooning and weakening in the artery wall that is subject to burst at any given time due to the pressure on the artery.
If aneurysm ruptures can cause a major bleed, possibly leading to death.
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3. Circulatory disorders: Aneurysm
Possible surgery depending on where aneurysm is located.
Many times carefully watched, surgery is too dangerous.
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4. Circulatory disorders: Angina Pectoris
Severe chest pain that arises when the heart does not receive enough oxygen.
May feel like a heart attack but it is not.
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5. Circulatory disorders: Angina Pectoris
Treated with nitroglycerin
Symptoms:
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Left shoulder and arm pain
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6. Circulatory disorders: Arrhythmia
Is any change from normal heart rate or rhythm of 75 bpm at rest
BRADYCARDIA
Slow heart rate
(<60 beats per minute)
TACHYCARDIA
Rapid heart rate
(>100 beats per minute)
What is the normal range for pulse?
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7. Circulatory disorders: Atherosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries caused by a fat-like substance that has built up in the artery, reducing blood flow.
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8. Circulatory disorders: Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the artery causing thickening of the artery wall from aging, reducing blood flow because artery can not push blood around efficiently.
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9. Arteriosclerosis vs Atherosclerosis
What is the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?
Both cause reduced blood flow in the artery.
Arteriosclerosis is a result of aging - the arteries lose their elasticity.
Atherosclerosis is caused by lipid deposits in artery wall.
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10. Circulatory disorders: Coronary Artery Disease
A disease in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary (heart) arteries.
Can be genetic or diet related.
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11. Circulatory disorders: Coronary Artery Disease
This can stop the blood flow to the heart and cause a heart attack.
Treatment:
Medication or cardiac catheterization to open artery and place a stint.
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12. Circulatory disorders: Hypertension
What is hypertension?
High Blood Pressure
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13. Circulatory disorders: Hypertension
What factors influence the development of hypertension?
Smoking
Overweight
Stress
High fat diet
Family history
Lack of exercise
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14. Circulatory disorders: Hypertension
How is it treated?
Relaxation
Low fat diet
Exercise
Weight loss
Medication
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15. Circulatory disorders: Hypertension
Why is it called the “silent killer?”
Hypertension usually has no symptoms
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16. Circulatory disorders: Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
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17. Circulatory disorders: Heart Failure
Symptoms:
Coughing
Tiredness
Shortness of breath
Pulmonary edema (fluid in lungs)
Weakness of the heart
Pleural effusion (fluid around the lung)
Fluid in abdomen
Swelling lower legs
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18. Circulatory disorders: Heart Failure
Treatment:
Heart healthy diet
Exercise
Drink the right amount of fluids
Lose weight
Quit smoking
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19. Circulatory disorders: Murmurs
An extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat.
Murmurs range from very faint to very loud.
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20. Circulatory disorders: Murmurs
What is the most common instrument used to detect murmurs?
A stethoscope
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21. Circulatory disorders: Murmurs
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22. Circulatory disorders: Myocardial Infarction
MI or Heart Attack
Lack of blood supply to myocardium causes damage.
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23. Circulatory disorders: Myocardial Infarction
Due to blockage of coronary artery or blood clot
Due to atherosclerosis-plaque build up on arterial walls
Due to arteriosclerosis-loss of elasticity and thickening of artery wall
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24. Circulatory disorders: Myocardial Infarction
Amount of damage depends on size of area deprived of oxygen
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25. Circulatory disorders: Peripheral Vascular Disease
PAD
Is a disease in which plaque builds up in the arteries that carry blood to your head, organs, and limbs.
Plaque is made up of fat (lipids)
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26. Circulatory disorders: Peripheral Vascular Disease
How can PVD be prevented?
Eat healthy
Whole grains (fiber)
Fat free and low fat diet
Stop smoking
exercise
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27. Circulatory disorders: Pulmonary Edema
Pulmonary edema is often caused by congestive heart failure.
When the heart is not able to pump blood to the body efficiently, it can back up into the veins that take blood through the lungs to the left side of the heart.
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28. Circulatory disorders: Pulmonary Edema
As the pressure in these blood vessels increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs.
This fluid reduces normal oxygen movement through the lungs.
This and the increased pressure can lead to shortness of breath.
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29. Circulatory disorders: Pulmonary Edema
Treatment is medication called Lasix which is a diuretic given to help the patient get rid of extra fluid.
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30. Circulatory disorders: Transient Ischemic Attack
TIA is a temporary interruption of blood flow (ischemia) to the brain.
The cause is usually a narrowing of the carotid artery due to an accumulation of fat.
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31. Circulatory disorders: Transient Ischemic Attack
Symptoms:
Remember the acronym
F.A.S.T. 31

32. Circulatory disorders: Varicose Veins
Swollen, distended veins.
Cause: Hereditary or due to posture, prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and pregnancy.
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33. Circulatory disorders: Varicose Veins
Prevention
Wear sunscreen
Elevate legs when resting
Wear elastic support stockings
Eating fiber diets
Exercise
Weight control
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34. Circulatory disorders
Leading Causes of Death:
The Impact of Circulatory Disorders
CVD 41%
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35. 4 chambers: 4 valves: 4 major vessels: Include:
rt atrium, lft atrium, rt. Ventricle, lft ventricle
4 valves:
bicuspic, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary
4 major vessels:
pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta, vena cava (superior and inferior)
Include:
septum, and coronary arteries (and veins)