1. Man & Environment: Biomedical Development
Contributed By: Calista (8)
Su Jean (10)
Caleb (15)
Shang Wen (17)

2. CONTENTS Different Organ Transplants
Living
Post- Mortem
Bone Marrow Transplant (Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant)
Complications of Transplant
Benefits to Man
Effectiveness of Technology
Negative Impacts on the Environment

3. LIVING TRANSPLANTS Bone marrow Replace damaged bone marrows
Can be done by umbilical cord blood transplant
Stem cells are taken from baby and stored
Kidney*
Usually does not endanger the donor or receiver
Conducted in the case of kidney failure
Liver*
Conducted for patients with cancer or liver hardening
*Liver and kidney can also be transplanted post-mortem

4. POST-MORTEM TRANSPLANTS - 1
Heart
Conducted when patient has severe
coronary artery disease/heart failure
Corneas*
Conducted when patient's cornea(s) can
no longer be healed by medicine
Cardiovascular Homograft
Conducted when patient has faulty windpipe/ heart valves /blood vessels
*Corneas can be also transplanted live
Did You Know?
The youngest donor of corneas is ten year old Janis Babson!

5. Post-Mortem TRANSPLANTS - 2
Pancreas*
Conducted when patient has diabetes
(usually insulin-dependent)
INtestines
If patient develops life-threatening symptoms from feeding through special drip
Rarely done
*Pancreas can be transplanted live, though rarely

6. Post-Mortem Transplants - 3
Lungs
Done when patient has exhausted other therapies
Cure for diseased lungs
Improve /extend lives of patients with respiratory failure
Usually fail after 3 to 5 years
Skin (Grafting)
In the scenario of severe burns/infections causing excessive skin loss
Can be taken from animals/patient's skin

7. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
The bone marrow is a tissue which contains many stem cells
The bone marrow being transplanted needs to be suitable for the patient
Stem cells are immature cells that can replace blood cells
Did You Know?
A half suitable bone marrow has successfully been transplanted and has cured leukaemia!

8. Bone Marrow Transplant
METHODS
Stem cells from donor's bone marrow replace damaged patient's bone marrow
Stem cells are taken after birth and stored till needed
Stem cells are transferred to the patient along with chemo/radiotherapy

9. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
NEEDED TO:
Replace damaged bone marrow
with part of a healthy functioning
bone marrow
Regenerate a new immune system
that will fight cancers/diseases

10. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
COMPLICATIONS ON RECIPIENTS
Rashes v
Vomiting
Hair loss
Change in skin pigmentation
May be rendered infertile
Weak immune system - more prone to infections
Contraction of cataracts (clouding of lens of eye)

11. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
COMPLICATIONS ON RECIPIENT
Graft versus Host Disease (GVhD)
2 types - Acute and Chronic
Acute: immediate side effect
Chronic: developed from acute GVhD
Caused by donor's cells fighting the host's cells
Different severity - From mild to life-threatening
Did You Know?
GVhD can help to destroy remaining cancer cells!

12. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
COMPLICATIONS ON DONOR
Fatigue
Lower back pain
Bleeding at collection spot
Stiffness when walking
Muscle aches
Drug risks

13. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
BENEFITS
Certain cancers, such as leukaemia can be cured
Provides a new immune system for patients to better fight diseases
Able to cure diseases that affect production of stem cells
Able to restore bone marrow damaged by chemotherapy

14. Technology Higher chance of curing diseases Invention of vaccines
ADVANTAGES TO MAN
Higher chance of curing diseases
Invention of vaccines
More flexibility for treatments for patients
Machines provide faster treatment

15. Technology DISADVANTAGES TO MAN Requires high funding
Can cause humans to be over-dependent on it and believe that it can cure any illness.

16. IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT
NEGATIVE
Technology used requires electricity - burning fossil fuels
Life expectancy goes up - Over population
*Note: There are no positive impacts on environment
(which is saddening)

17. Conclusion
Having bore the negative and positive points of technology in mind, we have come to a conclusion. While technology is ubiquitous and necessary in our daily lives, it can lead to negative consequences if used inappropriately.

18. Thank You for your kind attention.
THE END
Thank You for your kind attention.
We hope you have learnt something from today's presentation.