1. Myth #7: Researchers have demonstrated that Dreams possess symbolic meaning
What is consciousness?

2. Getting your zzzzzzz’s
What did we learn about you in the sleep survey?

3. Sleep We spend 1/3 of our lives sleeping.
How much sleep are you (average teen) supposed to get?
Adults?
Infants?

5. Are you sleep deprived?
About 71% of our population is sleep deprived!

6. How does a lack of sleep affect you?
Link between lack of sleep and your health (stress, depression)
Studies have also shown a link between lack of sleep and ability to think & perform.
Stress
Depression
Hypertension
heart attacks
Strokes
Type II diabetes
periodontal disease
skin problems
obesity, & cancer

7. Sleep & performance
Typically we should feel wide awake, alert, and energetic all day long WITHOUT a significant midday drop in alertness.

8. Sleep & performance
Dr. James Maas (Cornell University), says we sleep for 2 reasons:
Our bodies run on cycles called circadian rhythms, sleep is one.
*Light is the most powerful cue affecting sleep. Darkness triggers the release of melatonin; the hormone that brings on sleep.

9. Circadian rhythms
Are you a lark or an owl? 69 – 86: Definite morning 59 – 68: Moderate morning 42 – 58: Neither type 31 – 41: Moderate evening 16 – 30: Definite evening

10. Sleep & performance
2) The longer we are awake, the GREATER our need for mentally & physically restorative sleep.
*1 hour of sleep to pay for every 2 hours of wakefulness
*Tire after being up for 16 hours.
*Sleep debt is cumulative
The longer you deprive yourself of rest, the more of it you will need to feel rested.

11. Benefits of sleep?
Depends on the stage of sleep: NREM: Stages 1 – 4 Rejuvenates BODY REM: Stage 5 Rejuvenates MIND

12. Measuring sleep…an EEG

13. When you sleep…

14. Sleep stages

15. Stages during one night’s sleep

16. Sleep patterns change over the lifespan

17. Are you one of the walking dead?

18. Dangers of too little sleep
Suppressed immune system
Increased stress hormones
Increased accident risk
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Impaired concentration & memory
Irritability
Weight gain
Depression
Diminished productivity
Premature aging

19. REM sleep
REM Rebound
Vivid Dreaming
Paradoxical sleep

21. REM Sleep MEMORY CONSOLIDATION Learning:
Long-term muscle memory (the skills we practice)

22. Benefits of sleep: NREM/DEEP SLEEP
Blood supply to muscles increases
Tissue growth and repair occurs
Hormones are released, such as: Growth hormone, essential for growth and development, including muscle development
Energy is restored

23. Review!
Tell your partner 2 things that are unique to NREM sleep. Tell your partner 2 things that are unique to REM sleep.

24. Sleep disorders Insomnia: inability to fall or stay asleep
Sleep apnea: Cessation of breathing, repeatedly awaken, snoring, lack of deep sleep, EXHAUSTION during day
Narcolepsy: sleep attacks when nervous system is aroused (excitement, surprise, anger), fall into REM, loss of muscle tone

26. Which one is which?
Reece, a 7-year-old boy, couldn’t even kick a football without falling asleep. Reece would fall over up to 25x a day and would sometimes sleep 23 hours. Reece’s mother said, ‘His teacher kept stopping me saying she was concerned. He would fall asleep in the middle of the class. It meant he was falling behind on his school work.”

27. Which one is which?
Mark wakes up throughout the night, sometimes very abruptly, with choking sounds. His wife, Sherry, says he is holding his breath for short amounts of time or even not breathing. When she wakes him, he is usually startled. She also says that Mark snores loudly every night. When Mark awaken in the morning he feels tired and takes naps during the day to “catch up.”

28. Which one is which?
Anna tries to go to bed around 11:00 PM. She usually falls asleep in less than 15 minutes, but occasionally it seems to take her hours to fall asleep. She wakes up three to four times per night, and at least one of these awakenings lasts two to three hours. Anna  gets frustrated when she “sees the clock ticking away;” in response, she usually gets out of bed to work on the computer until she becomes sleepy, which often does not happen until around 5:30 AM — which is the time she should be getting up. At that time, Anna falls into a very deep sleep and may not awaken until 7:00 or 8:00 AM.

29. CRQ: Sleep

30. Everyone dreams Recallers vs. non-recallers Sequence of dreams
1: review of problem related to days events
2 & 3rd: recall earlier episodes of day
4: set in the future
5: ties all elements together into 1 bizarre tense
“extravaganza”!

31. Typical dream 2 characters, in addition to the dreamer Indoors
More passive (you are watching)
More hostile/unpleasant
More strange males than females
Male dreams tend to differ from females:
Males: More active, fighting, naked, $$$
Females: More endangered, emotional (not aggressive)

32. REM & dreaming
20 most common dreams: Falling (83) Being attacked or pursued (77) Trying repeatedly to do something (71) School, teachers, studying (71) Sexual experiences (66) Arriving too late (64) Eating (62) Being frozen with fright (58)

33. Being locked up (56)
Finding money (56)
Swimming (52)
Snakes (49)
Being dressed inappropriately (46)
Being smothered (44)
Being nude in public (43)
Fire (41)
Failing an exam (39)
Flying (34)
Seeing self as dead (33)

34. Do dreams having meaning?
Freud: Dreams are symbolic
Extensions of daily life: Dreams help you solve problems
Activation-synthesis (Hobson & McCarley): Dreams are biological byproducts of a busy brain

35. Activation Synthesis

36. Dream analysis: Doris

37. NOVA: What are dreams?