1. Chapter 9 - The Civil War 1861-1865

2. Abolitionists push for Lincoln to face issue
African Americans and the War Focus: How did the Emancipation Proclamation and the efforts of African American soldiers affect the course of the war?
Push for Emancipation
Abolitionists push for Lincoln to face issue
Frederick Douglass & William L. Garrison
Thousands of abolitionist supporters
Slavery unpopular in Europe
Seeking European approval
Assistance (Great Britain)

3. African Americans and the War
Enslaved African Americans
What to do with slaves under Union control?
Believed absurd to return to slave owners
Early on, forced into labor for Union
Considered fugitives Contraband - captured war supplies
General John Fremont - set them free
Fear loss of border states
Lincoln overturns

4. African Americans and the War
Lincoln set to announce plan
Lincoln was ready to announce an end to slavery
Needed military success
2nd Bull Run failure
made him wait to announce

5. African Americans and the War
Antietam (1862)
Confederate army advances into Maryland
Union Army (McClellan)
Finds copy of Lee’s battle plan
Lee loses element of surprise
Defeats Confederate (Lee)
Single Bloodiest Day
23,000 dead or wounded
Union took more losses but won
Victory Lincoln needed

6. African Americans and the War
Emancipation Proclamation
September 22, 1862
Freed slaves
In states still in rebellion
After Jan 1, 1863
Allowed border states to continue
Hoped it would cause Southern states to surrender before deadline

7. African Americans and the War
Emancipation Proclamation
North
War becomes “about slavery”
African Americans
Eager to join army & fight
Militia Act – black soldiers accepted into the military
South
Ends desire for negotiated end to war, now must fight to the end
Many upset with Lincoln
Too soft - Republicans
Too much - Democrats

8. African Americans and the War
African Americans Join the Fight
54th Massachusetts Regiment
All Black Unit
180,000 African Americans
Join Union forces by wars end
South
Considered, but never enlisted African Americans
Free or Slave

9. African Americans and the War
African Americans Join the Fight
African Americans help in battle
Despite prejudices
Generally given lesser tasks
Cooking, cleaning, digging
Sometimes exposed
Battle positions
Longest guard duties
3 years before equal pay
“mistreated” in war

10. African Americans and the War
African Americans Join the Fight
Southern slaves help Union in the fight:
Serve as spies, knew terrain
Joined Union army
Produce food for troops
Formed their own military units
Many Abandon their masters
Fleeing to Union Army, North, or West