1. Entropy, availability and irreversibility Solanki kishan(12me102) Patel manthan(12me132) 120040119102SOLANKI KISHAN VASHARAMBHAI 120040119132PATEL MANTHAN MUKESHBHAI

2. HIGH GRADE ENERGY Energy that can be completely transformed into work without any loss i.e. fully utilizable. Examples of high grade energy are: 1.Mechanical work 2.Electrical work 3.Water Power 4.Wind Power 5.Tidal Power

3. LOW GRADE ENERGY Energy of which only a certain portion can be converted into mechanical work is called low grade energy. Examples of Low grade energy are: 1.Heat or Thermal Energy 2.Heat derived from combustion of fossil fuels 3.Heat derived from nuclear fission or fusion.

4. Low Grade Energy Exergy Available Energy Anergy Unavailable Energy Part of low grade energy which is available for conversion into work. Rest of energy other than exergy.

5. Maxwell equation Maxwell's Equations are a set of 4 complicated equations that describe the world of electromagnetics. These equations describe how electric and magnetic field propagate, interact, and how they are influenced by objects.

7. Maxwell’s Equation in Point form

8. CLAUSIUS–CLAPEYRON EQUATION Gibbs free energy(G) of the system remains constant. ∆G = ∆H - T∆S G 2 – G 1 = ∆G = ∆H - T∆S = 0 ∆H = T∆S ∆H = ∆U + P∆V, where U is the internal energy of the ∆H =T∆S = ∆U + P∆V

9. Irreversible process w A block of ice can slide down an incline plane if the frictional force is overcome w But the ice cannot spontaneously move up the incline of its own accord w The conversion of mechanical energy to thermal energy by friction as it slides is irreversible

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