1. England’s Management of the 13 Colonies Before 1763
Unit 1, notes 4
England’s Management of the 13 Colonies Before 1763

2. Warm Up
How would this new American identity, influenced by the Enlightenment and traditional English law, impact the relationship between England and its 13 colonies?

3. Objectives
• I can explain the causes and effects of England’s policy of salutary neglect in managing the 13 colonies before 1763.
• I can explain why the Albany Plan of Union failed.
• I can explain how the French and Indian War forced England to change its policy of salutary neglect.

4. Key Vocabulary Salutary neglect (self government)
Navigation Acts (mercantilism, salutary neglect)
Mercantilism (conflict)
French and Indian War (conflict, direct taxation)
Albany Plan of Union (centralized government)

5. Colonial Government Structure
King/Queen
Board of Trade
Royal Governor
Council
Assemblies
Parliament
Assemblies were the only group American colonists got to elect.

6. England’s Economic Relationship with the 13 Colonies
Mercantilism:
in order to build economic strength, a nation must export more than it imports.

7. How Mercantilism Works
To achieve this favorable balance of trade, the English passed trade laws, called Navigation Acts, exclusively benefiting the British economy.
These laws created a triangular trade system whereby Americans provided raw goods to Britain, and Britain used the raw goods to produce manufactured goods that were sold in European markets and back to the colonies.

8. Triangle Trade

9. Navigation Acts
•Only English ships could carry cargo between imperial ports. •Certain goods, including tobacco, rice, and furs, could not be shipped to foreign nations except through England. •Americans could not compete with English manufacturers in large-scale manufacturing.

10. Salutary Neglect
England developed a policy of salutary neglect toward the colonies, which meant that the trade laws that most hurt the colonial economy were not enforced.
Threatened by the presence of the French in North America, British officials knew that at some point they would have to clash with the French over the domination of the continent, and they needed the colonists to support them when that time came.

11. “The Great War for Empire”
The French & Indian War
(1756 to 1763)
“The Great War for Empire”

12. North America in 1750

13. Causes
Conflict over Ohio River Valley Land -Fur Trade -England/France/ Native Americans

14. Fur trade

15. Fur trade

16. French and Indian War British and Americans and Native Americans
Vs.
France and Native Americans
**Native American tribes exploited the conflict and
chose sides carefully

17. Effects of the
French
and
Indian War

18. 1754  Albany Plan of Union
Ben Franklin 1st attempt to unite all 13 colonies under one centralized government
Albany Congress  failed due to Americans’ fears of having a centralized government

19. Albany plan of union

20. Effects: 1763  Treaty of Paris
France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River.
Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

21. North America in 1750

22. North America in 1763

24. Effects of the War on Britain?
1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.
3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

25. British-American Colonial Tensions
Colonials
British
Methods of Fighting:
Indian-style guerilla tactics.
March in formation or bayonet charge.
Military Organization:
Col. militias served under own captains.
Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
Military Discipline:
No mil. deference or protocols observed.
Drills & tough discipline.
Finances:
Resistance to rising taxes.
Colonists should pay for their own defense.
Demeanor:
Casual, non-professionals.
Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

26. Effects of the War on the American Colonials
1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time.
2. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

27. The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Frontier
1763  Pontiac’s Rebellion
Fort Detroit
British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.