1. Design and Delivery of Gigabit Residential Services
BICSI Sydney
Design and Delivery of Gigabit Residential Services
Dr Walter Green

2. Summary The need for Gigabit/s services
The need for a new design methodology for Gigabit/s services
Cost Implications and the National Backhaul network
Note
For this presentation 100 Mbit/s is defined as a low or slow data rate

3. Packet Throughput
Up to 100 Mbit/s the bandwidth is the most important factor controlling throughput
Above 100 Mbit/s latency becomes more significant
Above 1 Gigabit/s latency is the most dominant factor controlling throughput for the existing Australian backhaul network

4. Packet Throughput Assume packet length of 1400 bytes or 11,200 bits
At 1 Gigabit/s this equates to 90 packets per millisecond
hence a 1 millisecond delay can act as a significant throttle on throughput
The above figures show that many countries need a new approach to the design and implementation of the backhaul network

5. Node Backhaul Design Goals
Design goals should include
Minimum number of electro-optical converters
Minimum number of switches
As many point to point links as possible
Separate data links for 100Mbit/s services

6. Current Network Limitations
Current network limitations show that
There is a lack of affordable 1 Gigabit/s links
End users can peak at 800 Mbit/s and
their average data rates are approximately 600 Mbit/s
The size of most file transfers are between
100 Megabytes and 10 Gigabytes
The traffic patterns for Gigabit users are significantly different to slow speed users

7. Designing for Gigabit Residential Networks
Designing for Gigabit residential networks requires a different approach to standard network fibre design, and in particular cannot be implemented cheaply using underground splitters
Key Design Criteria are :-
Provision for separate 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gigabit/s last kilometre links [House to Hub]
Separate 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gigabit/s links to node [Hub to Node] and Point of Interconnect [POI]

8. Current Practices
At present the best approach is to use Fibre Hubs with fibre ports and 12 core fibres to underground breakout boxes
i.e. each house has it's own Fibre to the Fibre Hub
Each Fibre Hub has separate 100 Megabit/s and Gigabit/s links to the Node or Point of Interconnect [POI]
This enables Gigabit customers to be patched into circuits dedicated for Gigabit Traffic

9. Network Configuration
End user
ONT
Node and/or POI
Fibre Distribution Hub

10. Cost Comparison
The difference in cost between installing a 100 Mbit/sec service and a 1 Gigabit/sec service is less than $200 for suburban lots with a road frontage between 20 ‑ 40 m
The price increase is due to the more expensive ONT
The main operating increase in cost is the backhaul link between the Node and the Retail Service Provider (RSP) or Point of Interconnect
Note Business Users pay ≈ $1,000 per 10 Megabit/s pm

11. Reliability of Services
There are 4 Single Points of Failure in PON connection
Reliability of Services is also an issue and the Star configuration of current fibre networks is not sufficiently reliable for Gigabit end-users
What is required is a means for creating a ring network with two feeds into each 8  way splitter.
A solution is available and discussions are in progress to produce a prototype that can also support 64 or 128 [100 Mbit/s] end users per splitter

12. End User Alarms and Remote Monitoring
A second problem is the remote monitoring of user equipment such as power, fire, burglar and lift alarms
A logical solution is to use the Internet of Things technology, however suitable protocols have not been developed [and may not be developed]
A solution and a new protocol have been proposed and negotiations are in progress to see if the solution is viable

13. Multiple Backhaul Links
Where multiple backhaul links are required between the POI and Service Provider, [especially between carriers] special attention is required at each interface
The main criteria is to reduce delays between the two switches
Relying on Packet Priority settings does NOT work

14. National Backhaul Design Goals
Use IPv6 to improve packet throughput
Provide capacity for separate streaming, low data rate and Gigabit/s services
Use 40 Gigabit/s Fibre links where ever possible
Use 40 Gigabit/s Fibre ports for connections between switches

15. QUESTIONS
&
ANSWERS