1. America and the Social and Cultural Changes

2. Statistics New York City 1877 - 47 million people
90% white
majority lived on farms/small towns
% lived in small towns
% lived in small towns
New York
City

3. General Changes People began to move towards the cities and urban life
Families began to have less children
Life expectancy rate rose from 43 years to 47 years
Blacks and other ethic groups still face the 33 years life expectancy rate

4. Food an Ad from 1900 Food was a lot cheaper
heavy meals - thus a large increase in the number of fat people
Packaged food - the new fad
Transportation of food products were advanced
imported/exported goods to/from other states were safer than before

5. Medical Advances Medical research was very popular and striving
Luis Pasteur - discovery of germs
development of microbiology and vaccines
Gradually decreasing child mortality rate
Study of Psychology - very popular
Surgeries were a lot safer and thus widespread

6. Changes in Lifestyles Lifestyles were based on the Code of Victorian
based on the British queen
set up the basic principles in attires, manners, and sexual behavior
Government tried to pass laws such as the Comstock Law to make sure people were “civilized” by the Code’s standards

7. Virtues and Morals
People took into heart this new codes and took action
Mugwumps: people who worked to get rid of corruption in politics
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU): fought to outlaw alcoholic beverages using propaganda

8. Children The “Seen but not Heard” Rule Never spoke until spoken to
Usually were around when there was a conversation between adults but never spoke
Never chitchat with other people
Older boys and girls were never alone together

9. Children Took daily lessons in the living room
played games and sang around the piano
listened to the day’s verse from the bible

10. Men
Wore long black suits with a derby hat and white shirts that had paper collars
Men’s attire

11. Women
Wore tight corsets, long dark dresses, and black shoes that went up to the ankles
by the 1980s - wore suits or a dark skirt and a blouse
went for the killer 18- inch waists
Women’s attire

12. Women Roles of women increased
They were in charge of taking care of the family
They were now expected to be smart, look young, and be entertaining
totally different from the expectations from before the Civil War
Gave less births to children

13. Sports
Golf
Tennis
Bicycling

14. New Professional Sports
Basketball
Baseball
Football
The American
League
Team members

15. Religion Religious beliefs became very popular again
very common to find a revival meeting anywhere on any day
Meetings on College Campuses for college students became very popular

16. Mornings People began to wake up earlier now
With the new available time they had from waking up early they:
broke the ice in front of their homes (men)
go shopping (women) due to the lack of large refrigerator

17. Leisure families gathered in the living room
Children did everything listed before in the living room
played cards, dominoes, backgammon, chess, and checkers
outdoor sports such as Croquet was also popular
first outdoor sport for both genders to play

18. Music Music went through some changes
Sentimental music was still a large hit
Ragtime was introduced
Classical music was also played
Songs about sports games were also made
“Take Me Out to the Ballgame”

19. Family Life Families no longer worked together
Families had to stick to survive
Women and Children were not usually part of the working group
Children usually went to school and stayed with their family until their late teens

20. A New Working Class Women began to start working
million working women
million working women
took jobs in factories, telephone exchange, or business offices
Were mostly singles

21. Working Women Initially had a good response
laws changed so that women could own their own property
led to an increase of divorce rates (1 out of 12 marriages ended in divorces)
Women began to take action in getting equal treatment
women sufferage
equal pay

22. Education Educating children became more meaningful
More students were now getting universal education (laws enforced attendance of students)
increase in the number of public high schools
increase in school budgets
decrease in the illiteracy rate even though population grew

23. Higher Education
After Land Grant Act of 1862, 69 colleges were created
Industrial leaders gave millions of dollars to fund the colleges
Leland Stanford, John D. Rockefeller, etc.
Curriculums broadened (no longer training men for the military only)

24. Colleges and Ethic Groups
African Americans and other minority groups were rejected usually from getting into colleges
Even after acceptance from the college, the minority was not accepted among the students and teachers
Black students went to black schools
black schools had terrible facilities and supplies

25. Literature Themes changed: Romanticism to Realism and Naturalism
talked about working and becoming successful through working in businesses
Regionalist authors wrote about the South, Great Plains, and other rural areas
Sometimes wrote about poverty and the possible outcomes of industrialization

26. Photographs
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