1. Q) What is the scientific name for breathing? Suggest: What information might they be recording here?

3. 4 LO: How do humans breathe? Describe: What is the scientific name for breathing? What organs within the thorax are used for breathing? (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, pleural membranes) Describe: What is the scientific name for breathing? What organs within the thorax are used for breathing? (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, pleural membranes) 6 Explain: What is the role of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm in ventilation? (inhalation exhalation) Explain: What is the role of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm in ventilation? (inhalation exhalation) 8/9 Explain and apply: How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange? Ext: Why do emphysema sufferers fatigue easily? Explain and apply: How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange? Ext: Why do emphysema sufferers fatigue easily?

4. The Lungs

5. The pleural cavity Each of the lungs is enclosed in a double membrane known as the pleural membrane. The space between the two membranes is called the pleural cavity, and is filled with a small amount of pleural fluid. This fluid lubricates the lungs. It also adheres to the outer walls of the lungs to the thoracic (chest) cavity by water cohesion, so that the lungs expand with the chest while breathing. lung pleural membranes

6. The Lungs

7. The mechanism of ventilation

8. Breathing Breathing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylEknRf0jLU

9. Inhalation (breathing in)Exhalation (breathing out) Diaphragm…. Intercostal muscles pull…. Volume of….. Pressure in…. Air moves in…. Oxygen and carbon dioxide…..

10. Inhalation (breathing in)Exhalation (breathing out) Diaphragm contracts lowers and flattens Intercostal muscles pull ribcage up and out Volume of thoracic cavity increases Pressure in thoracic cavity decreases Air moves in through mouth and nose from high pressure (outside) to low pressure (inside) Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse down a concentration gradient. (Oxygen into blood) (Carbon dioxide out of blood) Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse down a concentration gradient. (Oxygen into blood) (Carbon dioxide out of blood)

11. Inhalation (breathing in)Exhalation (breathing out)

13. Breathing Breathing

14. Alveoli Alveoli

15. Alveoli

16. Cilia and Mucus

17. Tobacco smoke and the lungs… Tobacco Smoke

18. 4 LO: Why shouldn’t we smoke? Describe: How does smoking damage the lungs and ventilation system? (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, cilia, alveoli, SA, infection) Describe: How does smoking damage the lungs and ventilation system? (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, cilia, alveoli, SA, infection) 6 Explain: How does smoking damage the heart and circulatory system? Explain: How does smoking damage the heart and circulatory system? 8/9 Explain? What is coronary heart disease and how is it caused? (CHD) (coronary arteries, lining inflammation, blood pressure, plaque/atheroma, blockage, lack of oxygen, heart attack) Why is inhaling carbon monoxide dangerous? Explain? What is coronary heart disease and how is it caused? (CHD) (coronary arteries, lining inflammation, blood pressure, plaque/atheroma, blockage, lack of oxygen, heart attack) Why is inhaling carbon monoxide dangerous?

19. Smoking and heart disease Your favourite and mine… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylEknRf0jLU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WlAn4NlIgI

20. Cilia and Mucus

23. The dangers of smoking

24. Spot the difference Which set of lungs would you prefer to have?

25. Smoker’s cough

26. The effect of smoking on oxygen supply oxygencarbon monoxidecarbon dioxide Red blood cells are normally saturated with oxygen when they leave the lungs. Carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke prevents red cells from picking up oxygen. alveolus in the lung capillary red blood cells

27. Smoking during pregnancy is risky for both mother and baby. Pregnancy and smoking Babies exposed to smoke during gestation are at increased risk of: Pregnant women who smoke are at increased risk of: miscarriage foetal death detachment of the placenta premature labour. limb deformities low birth weight. sudden infant death syndrome

28. Why do people smoke? There are many reasons why people say they smoke: What is your response to each of these reasons? “It calms my nerves” “It keeps weight down” “It looks good” “I haven’t got the will power to quit” “I smoke low tar cigarettes – they’re safer”