1. African Americans, every day life, and the war
Chapter 7.4 and 7.5

2. Union troops meet enslaved African Americans
Union officers didn’t know what to do with runaway slaves
General Benjamin Butler put them to work doing manual labor, declaring them contraband under his protection
General John C. Fremont declared them free
Lincoln reversed Fremont’s order to keep border states from retaliating

3. Lincoln proposes plan for emancipation
1862 Lincoln has plan for emancipation of slaves in Confederate states
He and Congress agree to wait until they had a major Union victory before announcing

4. Battle of Antietam
Sept 1862, Lee leads troops into Maryland – a border state
he wanted to inspire a pro-Confederate uprising
Union soldiers found a copy of Lee’s battle plan at an abandoned campsite

5. Battle of Antietam Two armies converged at Sharpsburg, Maryland
Union troops attacked Lee’s army in 3 phases
End of the day, 20,000 casualties
Bloodiest day of the Civil War
Lincoln had victory he needed to move forward with emancipation

6. Emancipation proclamation
Formally announced Sept. 22, 1862
Freed all slaves in Confederate states
Did not free slaves in border states or places under Union military control
Turning point in the war
For northerners it redefined the war to being about slavery
For southerners it ended the desire to negotiate an end to the war
emancipation parody

7. African Americans join the fight
Congress passed the Militia Act
Mandated that African Americans be accepted into the military
70,000 died
Massachusetts formed an all black regiment – the 54th Massachusetts Regiment Glory clip
Led by Robert Gould Shaw
They earned respect and honor through performance in battle
Shaw and many of his men died during an unsuccessful battle at Fort Wagner in Charleston

8. Prejudice Still face prejudice Assigned menial tasks
Served guard duty longer than whites
Placed in exposed battle positions
Took 3 years before they received equal pay

9. confederacy
Considered drafting slaves and free African Americans in 1863 and 1864
Most southerners opposed

10. Daily life in north
Industry boomed as demand for clothing, weapons, and other supplies increased
Government introduced income tax to meet the economic challenges of supplying the military
Also sold billions of dollars worth government bonds
Congress passed the Legal Tender Act 1862
Increased the amount of cash in circulation for people to buy bonds
Allowed treasury to print paper money known as “greenbacks”

11. War spurs expansion Congress passed the Homestead Act
Made western land available at a low cost
Pacific Railroad Act
Granted land to companies to build railroads through Union territory

12. Northerners and the draft
Union instituted the draft
Any man could be called into service
African Americans could not be drafted at this time
But could pay $300 to hire someone to take your place
New York Draft Riot
Poor white workers went on a 4 day riot, damaging factories and attacking African Americans

13. Civil liberties
Peace Democrats opposed Lincoln’s conduct and demanded an end to the war
Copperheads promoted violence against the Union to end the war
Lincoln suspended habeas corpus which protects a person from being held in jail without being charged
Supreme Court said this was unconstitutional but President ignored
He empowered the military to arrest people suspected of disloyalty to Union and those who criticized the President

14. Daily life in south
Union blockades of southern ports kept supplies from getting into the South
Blockade runners were hired and were effective until about 1863
Had to depend upon their own farms and factories

15. Paying for war difficult
Most of the South’s wealth invested in land and slaves
War reduced value of these assets
Confederates seized Union weapons, food, and supplies when possible
Hard to collect taxes, southerners resisted
Led to inflation as prices rose and Confederate money lost value

16. Wartime challenges unity
Some states did not want to send troops outside of their borders
Confederacy enacted the draft
Seized private property
Suspended habeas corpus
Some called for Jefferson Davis’s impeachment
Georgia talked about seceding from Confederacy

17. A soldier’s life
Army life full of marching and drill broken up by brief periods of combat
Soldier’s often homesick and bored
Wrote letters, played cards, went to religious revivals
Border states suffered divided loyalties with family members fighting on different sides

18. Death on and off battlefield
New weapons created horrible wounds
Amputation a common treatment
Doctors did not know about infection
Minor wounds could lead to death
Poor drinking water or lack of sanitation spread illness
For every soldier killed in battle, 2 died of disease

19. Prison camps Faced overcrowding and filth
African American prisoners in Confederate camps killed
Andersonville – most notorious (watch episode 7)
In Georgia
Prisoners had little food
More than 12,000 out of 33,000 Union prisoners died of disease and malnutrition

20. Women’s roles Took over family businesses, farms, and plantations
Women took over teaching profession by war’s end
Hundreds masqueraded as men so they could fight in battle
Served as spies or guides
Served as nurses – Clara Barton – collected medical supplies and traveled with Union army ambulances
Lincoln approved the formation of the United States Sanitary Commission
allowed women to oversee hospitals and sanitation in military installations

21. Works cited
Lapansky-Werner, Emma J. et al. United States History. Pearson Education Print.
Wood County Civil War Legacy Project. Historical Center and Museum of Wood County, Ohio. 13 Jan Web
United States Colored Troops (U.S.C.T.) Lesson Plan. Saving America’s Battlefields. Civil War Trust. 13 Jan Web