1. Day 2- Protein Synthesis
RNA, transcription, translation

2. RNA-ribonucleic acid R: ribo N: nucleic A: acid Sugar: ribose
Bases: adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine
Pairing: A-U and G-C ALWAYS
# of Strands: one

3. RNA When: made during transcription
Transcription- process in which RNA is made
Where: in the nucleus
DNA acts as the template for m-RNA and DNA NEVER leaves the nucleus
Why: m-RNA will code for the production of proteins

4. RNA vs. DNA 3 Differences between DNA and RNA 1) Sugar RNA-ribose
DNA-deoxyribose
2) RNA is single stranded
3) Uracil instead of thymine

6. Does this diagram represent DNA or RNA? …how can you tell?

7. Central Dogma of Biology
Explains the flow of genetic information in a biological system DNA  RNA  Protein

8. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS!!!

9. Transcription

10. Transcription
STEP 1 DNA unwinds and unzips with the help of enzymes (helicase)

11. Transcription
STEP 2 Free nucleotides from the cytoplasm match up to the DNA parent template with the help of RNA polymerase

12. Transcription
STEP 3 DNA re-zips and rewinds, and new m-RNA strand moves to the cytoplasm to the ribosome to be translated into a protein.

13. Transcription

14. Decoding Practice
For the following DNA examples, first give the appropriate mRNA sequence, then identify the amino acid sequence (remember: U replaces T in mRNA)
Example 1:
DNA: TAC GCA TGG AAT
mRNA: AUG CGU ACC UUA
Amino Acids: Met Arg Thr Leu
Example 2:
DNA: CGT GGA GAT ATT
mRNA: GCA CCU CUA UAA
Amino Acids: Ala Pro Leu stop
Translation Review

15. 3 types of RNA
1) Messenger RNA (m-RNA)-carries a portion of the DNA code to the ribosome after transcription

16. 3 types of RNA
2) Transfer RNA (t-RNA)-carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation

17. 3 types of RNA
3) Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA)-”sews” the amino acids together to make a protein

19. Vocab Codon-sequence of three nucleotides that form a genetic code
m-RNA brings the codon from the nucleus to the ribosome
Anticodon- sequence of three nucleotides that correspond to the codon
t-RNA brings this anticodon to the ribosome during translation
Ex: Codon AAU UUA AAA
Anticodon UUA AAU UUU

21. Translation -m-RNA code is converted to a protein at the ribosome
Step 1: m-RNA heads out of the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
m-RNA contains codons (3 base pairs) that code for the amino acids that make-up the protein

22. Translation Step 2: r-RNA reads the codons on the m-RNA
Each codon has a complimentary anticodon found on the t-RNA in the cytoplasm
This tells the t-RNA which amino acid to bring to the ribosome

23. Translation
Step 3: One by one amino acids are added in the sequence of the codons on the m-RNA at the ribosome.
Amino acids are joined by r-RNA by peptide bonds.

24. Translation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5mJbP23Buo