1. THE CIVIL WAR

2. THE SECESSION CRISIS

3. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

4. Secession & the Upper South
Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;

5. Slavery & Secession 38% 47% 24% 32% 14% 15%
% Whites in Slave-owning Families
% Slaves in Population
Original Confederate States
38%
47%
Upper South States that Later Joined the Confederacy
24%
32%
Border States Remaining in Union
14%
15%
Source: Henretta, et al., America’s History, 5th ed.

6. TWO SOCIETIES AT WAR

7. Lincoln by Alexander Gardner, 1861
Feb. 23, 1861
(Library of Congress)
Pageant 13e
Photographer Mathew Brady captured this image of the solemn president-elect on February 23, 1861, a few weeks after the formation of the Confederacy and shortly before Lincoln's inauguration. (Library of Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

8. Jefferson Davis, President, CSA
Description: Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederacy, ca Mathew Brady Collection. Keywords: Civil War Credit: National Archives and Records Administration

9. Comparing the North & the South
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10. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War
Pojer

11. Resources: North vs. South
Pojer

12. Railroad Lines, 1860
Pojer

13. Overview of Civil War Strategy
“Anaconda” Plan
Divine, America Past & Present

14. THE WAR IN THE EAST

15. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861
Pojer;

16. Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson
Description: Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson, C.S.A., George W. Minnes. Mathew Brady Collection. Keywords: Civil War Credit: National Archives and Records Administration

17. The Monitor vs. the Merrimac
The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862
The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

18. USS Monitor Deck and Turret
July 9, 1862
USS Monitor Deck and Turret

19. Union General George B. McClellan
Description: Gen George B. McClellan, ca Mathew Brady Collection. Credit: National Archives and Records Administration
Description: Gen Robert E. Lee, C.S.A.,1865. Mathew Brady Collection. Credit: National Archives and Records Administration
Union General George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee General, CSA

20. Pojer
The War in the East:

21. Pojer
The War in the East:

22. The Battle of Antietam September 1862
Bloodiest single day of the
war:
Union: 12,410 casualties, double those of D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Lee lost 10,700 men, 25% of his Army.
Tactical draw, strategic
victory – McClellan halted
Lee’s invasion.
Enabled Lincoln to an-
nounce his Preliminary
Emancipation Proclamation
5 days later.
Along with the Emancipa-
tion Proclamation, caused
Great Britain to rethink
recognizing the C.S.A.
Bloody Lane (Library of Congress)

23. After Antietam Lincoln Meets with McClellan and Staff

24. Union General Ambrose Burnside

25. DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENTS

26. Opposition and Lincoln’s Response
Northern Democrats
“copperheads”
Republicans: moderate vs. “radical”
Lincoln’s use of executive power
habeas corpus
martial law

27. Significant Legislation Passed in Congress
Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
Income tax
Legal Tender Act (1862)
“greenbacks” - $430+ million
National Banking Acts (1863 & 1864)
Pacific Railway Acts (1862 & 1864)
Union Pacific Railroad Co.
Central Pacific Railroad Co.
Homestead Act (1862)
Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
Emancipation Proclamation (1862)
Pojer

28. Presidential Election of 1864
Pojer

29. The Civil War and African-Americans
A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM
The Civil War and African-Americans

30. Civil War and African-Americans
Conservative Republican view
Radical Republicans
Thaddeus Stevens – Rep PA
Charles Sumner – Senator Mass
Benjamin Wade – Senator OH
Confiscation Act

31. Civil War and African-Americans
Emancipation Proclamation
Did Lincoln “free the slaves”?

32. Emancipation in 1863
Pojer

33. Civil War and African-Americans
54th Massachusetts Infantry
Thirteenth Amendment

34. FROM GETTYSBURG TO APPOMATTOX

35. Admiral David Farragut Vicksburg
Civil War in the West
Ulysses S. Grant
Shiloh
New Orleans
Admiral David Farragut
Vicksburg
(May 19-July 4, 1863)
General Ulysses S. Grant

36. The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg
Pojer

37. Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863
Decisive Battle of the War
Largest Battle ever in U.S.-
172,000 troops (97,000 in Union
Army of the Potomac; 75,000 Conf.
Army of N. Va.)
Most casualties of any battle
(51,000 combined)
569 tons of ammunition
Over 5,000 dead horses
Pojer (table)

38. Gettysburg Little Round Top, July 1863

39. Dedication of Gettysburg National Cemetery, Nov. 1863

40. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address November 1863

41. The War in the South, 1863-1865 Chattanooga
Lookout Mountain & Missionary Ridge (Nov. 1863)
William T. Sherman
Atlanta (Sept. 1864)
“March to the Sea”
Pojer
Union General William T. Sherman

42. Ruined railway near Atlanta, destroyed by Sherman’s troops
Ruined railway near Atlanta, destroyed by Sherman’s troops

43. The Progress of War:
Pojer

44. War in the East, 1864-1865 Wilderness Campaign (May-June 1864)
Seige of Petersburg (June 1864-Apr 2, 1865)
Fall of Richmond
Map: Pojer
Grant: Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Cold Harbor, Va Mathew Brady. Mathew Brady Collection. Credit: National Archives and Records Administration
Ulysses S. Grant at Cold Harbor Virginia, June 1864

45. Richmond April 1865 After Burning by Union Forces

46. Richmond April 1865

47. Surrender Lee’s Surrender, Appomattox Court House (April 9, 1865)
McClain House, Appomattox C.H., April 1865

48. War Deaths
America: Pathways to the Present

49. Casualties on Both Sides
Pojer