1. 05/11/10
Intro to the Cold War
CAUSES, MOOD, AND SETTING

3. The Cold War Imagine you are in a classroom in 1955…
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The Cold War
Imagine you are in a classroom in 1955…
A Siren goes off indicating a nuclear bomb could be being dropped…
What will you do?
“Duck-and-Cover”!!!! 3

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What was the “Cold War”?

5. 05/11/10
The Cold War Defined…
The Cold War was an ideological struggle (a conflict of ideas) about how societies should function, and a fight for power and influence on a global scale
Both the USA and the USSR competed with each other and tried to create “backyards” of influence around the world

6. Methods of Competition
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Methods of Competition
The USA and the USSR competed with each other for power and prestige in the following ways:
Arms Race – most notably build up of nuclear weapons after 1949 – MAD (mutually assured destruction)
Space Race – Sputnik: first satellite to orbit earth 1957, Man on the Moon, Laika
Espionage – CIA vs. KGB
Propaganda and rhetoric – Iron Curtain speech, X telegram
Creation of military groups – NATO vs. Warsaw Pact and economic groups – Marshall Plan
Gaining global influence/backyards

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Competition

8. Post-WWII World: Origins of the Cold War
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Tension developed between the superpowers throughout World War Two.
During the first two wartime conferences(Tehran and Yalta), relations between the U.S. And the USSR were cordial. Things began to break down by the time the Potsdam conference occurred
A bi-polar world emerged with 2 major superpowers – USA and the USSR (Soviet Union)
While the USA and the USSR never fought each other directly, there were many indirect conflicts called “proxy wars” in which they faced each other.
Examples: Korea, Suez Crisis, Vietnam – best examples

9. How did the bi-polar world develop?
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How did the bi-polar world develop?
Stalin installed Communist Gov. in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland as he moved towards Berlin at the end of WWII
These countries then became soviet satellite states after the war ended, when Stalin refused them democratic elections

10. Led to the phrase “The Iron Curtain”
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Led to the phrase “The Iron Curtain”
This phrase was coined by Winston Churchill, in a speech he made shortly after the end of WWII.
He was referring to the fact that eastern Europe was controlled by the Soviet Union, and under communist rule.
Berlin was also divided into West and East – even though the city was located in the Soviet sphere.
The countries in Eastern Europe were controlled by Soviet dictators and military troops, and were forced to belong to the Warsaw Pact – the communist equivalent to NATO.

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Map of Europe

12. The division of Berlin and the Berlin Wall would become one of the strongest symbols of the Cold War
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13. Churchill’s Speech – P. Source
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14. 05/11/10
The “Iron Curtain”

15. Checkpoint Charlie & the Wall
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17. Collapse of the Wall in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War
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Collapse of the Wall in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War

18. Cold War Military Alliances
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Cold War Military Alliances
1. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Provided for the collective security of Western Europe against the threat of Soviet invasion.
2. The USSR created the Warsaw Pact in 1955 to counter NATO

19. 05/11/10
US Foreign Policy
Truman Doctrine (1947): belief that the spread of communism must be stopped through the policy of containment.
They also believed in “domino theory” – if one country falls to communism, all of the surrounding countries will become communist
leads to American involvement in Korea & Vietnam
Marshall Plan (1947) is a European Recovery Program
massive investment of US$ in rebuilding European economies to any country that will reject communism
Canada donates large amount of money as well.

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Domino Theory in Asia

21. The Creation of the United Nations
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The Creation of the United Nations
Created in 1945
International agency that would prevent another international conflict = the idea of collective security.
Not a perfect system

22. The Cold War “heats up” What triggers the escalation
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The Cold War “heats up”
What triggers the escalation
1949 – The USSR detonates their first atomic bomb, the USA and Canada now has to fear a nuclear attack
1949 – The Chinese Communist revolution takes place and Chairman Mao becomes leader of China. Almost 2 billion communists now in the world
Soviet spies are discovered in Canada, USA and Great Britain

23. 05/11/10
Communist Witch Hunts
Witch hunts led by CIA and FBI in US (McCarthyism) and Canada
Communist Spies (Alger Hiss, Gouzenko Affair) are discovered in Canada, USA and Britain
Fear and paranoia affects everyone

24. 05/11/10
The Gouzenko Affair
Read over the section in counterpoints about the Soviet spy ring discovered in Canada and the beginning of the Red Scare in Canada(pg )
As a result of the Red Scare, RCMP carried out illegal and secret inquiries regarding potential communists in Canada
Potential immigrants were denied entry to Canada and members of the communist party were deported
The Red Scare was much worse in the United States under the direction of Senator Joseph McCarthy – “Goodnight and Good Luck”

25. Nuclear Arms Race
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As both superpowers developed nuclear capability, tensions continue to grow

26. Canada is stuck in the middle of nuclear warhead stockpiles
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Canada is stuck in the middle of nuclear warhead stockpiles

27. The Doomsday Clock & Paranoia
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How close are we to nuclear war?

28. How does Canada respond?
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How does Canada respond?
Places Distant Early Warning Line Stations ( Line) in Northern Canada.
US and Canada form NORAD (North American Defense Agreement) Gets involved in Korea.
Avro Arrow –Canada builds warplanes in the 1950s.
Plan eventually scrapped and many felt Canada had lost chance as technological leader during the Cold War.
Many political debates occur over whether following American foreign policy is making us safer, or more at risk of going to war

29. Atomic Café Duck and Cover “Beware of communist attacks!”
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Atomic Café
Duck and Cover
“Beware of communist attacks!”
How did propaganda films help to prolong the Cold War?

30. Propaganda: Popular Culture
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Propaganda: Popular Culture
Propaganda was used heavily by both sides to convince the public that:
A real enemy existed that wanted to attack their society, their way of living, and their well-being
Ironically, the opposing side’s way of life was one filled with injustice, evil, and a lack of morality
Media was the dominant place in which propaganda was disseminated