1. Allusion
Is a reference in literature to a well known person, event, place, or thing

2. “The Gift of the Magi”
O. Henry

3. Setting
The action takes place in New York City in a very modest apartment and in a hair shop down the street from the apartment.
Although the author does not mention New York by name, he does refer to Coney Island, the city's most famous amusement park, located in the borough of Brooklyn.
O. Henry lived in New York when he wrote and published the "The Gift of the Magi."  

4. Characters
Della Young: Pretty young woman who cuts off her beautiful long hair and sells it to buy a Christmas gift for her husband. 
James Dillingham Young: Husband of Della. He sells his gold watch to buy a gift for Della.
Madame Sofronie: Shop owner who buys Della's hair. . 

5. Three: A Magic Number 
In "The Gift of the Magi," the number three figures prominently. Consider the following: 
The story has three characters: Della, Jim, and Madame Sophronie.
Della counts her money three times (Paragraph 1).
The narrator says that "Life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles (Paragraph 2).
The story refers three times to the Youngs' supper entree: chops.
The story mentions the Queen of Sheba, who gave three types of gifts to King Solomon: spices, gold, and jewels.

6. Three: A Magic Number Continued
A sentence in Paragraph 5 says, "She stood by the window and looked out dully at a grey cat walking a grey fence in a grey backyard.”
Jim tells Della, I don't think there's anything in the way of a haircut or a shave or a shampoo that could make me like my girl any less.
The narrator alliteratively describes Della as speaking with "sudden serious sweetness."

7. Three: A Magic Number Continued
The narrator alliteratively describes Della as speaking with "sudden serious sweetness.“
The were three magi: Balthasar, Melchior, and Gaspar.
The magi offered three gifts: gold, frankincense, and myrrh.
According to tradition, the magi were kings of Arabia, Persia, and India. 
The story centers on three valuables: Jim's gold watch, Della's hair, and the love Jim and Della share.

8. Literary Terms
Della is embarrassed bc she is poor and has to plead with the store owners in order to save $

9. Theme: Love 
Della and Jim give each other the best of all possible gifts, love.
It does not matter that Jim no longer has the gold watch to display on the elegant chain that Della gave him.
Nor does it matter that Della no longer has long, luxurious hair to comb with the gift Jim gave her. What matters is that they have is each other. 

10. Suspense
Excitement or tension that readers feels as they become involved in a story.
Readers become eager to know the outcome of the plot
How did O Henry build suspense in the story?

11. Foreshadowing
The author gives small clues about what is going to happen in the story.
Often, when you re-read a story, the foreshadowing is more apparent (since you already know the ending)
How does O Henry incorporate foreshadowing?

12. IronY
In general, irony is a form of contrasts, like an ending you wouldn’t expect, or a twist in a story you didn’t see coming.
3 types of irony:
Dramatic: You know something that the characters do not
Situational: Something unexpected happens
Verbal: What is said is different than what is meant.
Ex: Outcome of the gifts

13. Figurative Language
Language that communicates ideas beyond the literal meaning of the words
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Hyperbole

14. Hyperbole Truth is exaggerated for a humorous effect
Queen of Sheba and King Soloman would be jealous of Della’s hair and Jim’s watch

15. Personification Giving human-like qualities to inanimate objects
P. 157 “her heart had simply craved and yearned over them”

16. Metaphor
Comparison between two unlike things that share similar qualities
Comparison between Jim/Della and the Magi

17. Simile Comparison between two things using “like” or “as”
P. 154 – description of Della’s hair
“rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters”

18. Della has to plead with the shop owners bc she is poor, and it makes her feel embarrassed.