1. Bones
How many???
206

2. BONES 3 PRIMARY FUNCTIONS Protect vital organs/structures from trauma
Create movement
Bones are metabolically active: produce blood cells & store minerals.

3. BONES Approximately 206 bones Axial Skeleton: cranium, spine, thorax,
Appendicular Skeleton: extremities

4. Types of Bones
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoids

5. Long Bones Tibia Fibula Humerus Radius Ulna Phalanges Femur:
bone in thigh is the largest and heaviest bone in body

6. Short Bones
Carpals
Tarsals
Calcaneus (heel)

7. Flat Bones
Skull
Ribs
Sternum
Hip (Ilium)
Scapula

8. Irregular Bones
Vertebrae
Facial Bones
Clavicle
Pelvis

9. Irregular Bones
NASAL
MANDIBLE
ZYGOMATIC
MAXILLA

10. Irregular Bones
clavicle

11. Sesamoid Embedded in the tendon
Can be referred to as a “floating” bone
Patella and in the ball of each foot.

12. The patella is embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps
This sesamoid protects the knee joint

13. Warning…graphic!!
video of patella dislocation

14. Power!!! The patella also gives leverage to the quads,
giving the athlete more
Power!!!

15. These sesamoids are located on under side of the big toe
They absorb pressure under foot
Provide a leverage point for toe flexors

16. Bones
Epiphysis: (growth plate) end of each bone & this is where growth takes place
Bones often fracture at the ends of the Growth Plate.

17. Cartilage
Hyaline (or articular) cartilage covers the ends of long bones & found in between bones
Functions:
Joins structures together (Ribs/sternum)
Absorbs shock
Permits smooth bone movement

18. Cartilage Fibrous cartilage makes up the disks between your vertebrae
Makes up the meniscus in your knee
Function
Absorb shock
Provide joint stability

19. Muscles/Tendons/Ligaments
Ligament: strong band of fiber that connects bone to bone.
Tendon: strong band of fiber that connects bone to muscle.
Connective Tissue: spindle shaped cells that support/bind other tissues.
Muscle Contractions
Functions:
Allow body to accelerate
Allow body to decelerate
Stop movement
Maintain normal posture.

20. Patellar Tendon (bone to muscle)
Ligaments of the Knee
(bone to bone)
Victor Cruz: torn patellar tendon

21. Classification of Joints

22. Joints Amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous) Synarthrodial (fibrous)
Limited movement
Synarthrodial (fibrous)
immovable
Diarthrodial (synovial)
Moveable

23. Amphiarthrodial Joints
Also known as: Cartilaginous Joints
They have cartilage attaching bones together
Example: Ribs joining the Sternum

24. Synarthrodial Joints Also called: Fibrous Joints
Held together by tough connective tissue/basically immovable
Examples:
Skull & Tibia/Fibula of lower leg

25. Diarthrodial Joint (Synovial Joint)
They have a great deal of mobility & consist of:
Joint capsule: sleeve like ligament that surrounds joint
Synovial Membrane: slick lining on inside of capsule
Hyaline Cartilage: thin layer of cushioning on ends of bones
Ligaments

26. Types of Synovial Joints
Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid/Ellipsoidal
Saddle
Ball & Socket

27. Gliding Synovial Carpals & Tarsals Flat or slightly curved surfaces
Slide on different planes

28. Hinge Synovial Elbow, knee, & IP (interphalangeal)
Flexion/extension on 1 plane

29. Pivot Synovial Radius/Ulna 1st & 2nd Cervical Vertebrae
Rotation/Supination & Pronation
1st & 2nd Cervical Vertebrae

30. Condyloid/Ellipsoidal
Radius & Carpal
Radial/Ulnar Deviation
Carpal & Phalanges

31. Saddle Synovial Joint Carpometacarpal Joint Thumb Flexion/Extension
AB/ADduction
Opposition/Reposition

32. Ball & Socket Shoulder & Hip Flexion/Extension AB/ADduction
Rotation/Circumduction
Medial/Lateral