1. James Madison won the presidency in 1808 & 1812
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Q. Adams
Andrew Jackson
James Madison won the presidency in 1808 & 1812
Madison was the architect of the Constitution, was elected to Congress, & served as Jefferson’s VP
Madison continued the dominance of the Democratic-Republican Party & tried to continue Jefferson’s policies of limited national gov’t

2. “Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” was a popular battle cry
The War of 1812
“Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” was a popular battle cry
Unfortunately, the war between England & France continued to cause problems for Americans:
England & France continued to violate American free trade
The British navy continued to “impress” American merchants
Many Congressmen, called “War Hawks” demanded war with Britain to defend U.S. honor

3. Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution”
Madison eventually gave in & asked Congress for a declaration of war in June 1812

4. Causes

10. The British attacked & burned Washington, DC…
The War of (1812—1814)
The British attacked & burned Washington, DC…
The U.S. was not ready to fight when the war began
Had a weak navy & poorly trained army
The war went badly at first
…and laid siege to Baltimore where Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”

11. Star Spangled Banner

13. Hartford Convention- 1814
New England merchants (Federalists) who suffered due to the war & threatened to leave the Union
Moderates propose constitutional amendments
Repeal 3/5 compromise
2/3 majority necessary to admit new states
No embargo may last longer than 60 days
2/3 majority necessary to ban trade with another nation
2/3 majority necessary to declare war
Only natural-born citizens can hold office
One-term limit on President; no two consecutive presidents can be from the same state
End of the Federalist Party

14. The War of (1812—1814)
Even though Britain was winning, they were fighting Napoleon’s army in Europe & wanted to end the war in America quickly

15. Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but it did not address trade rights or other causes of the war
Effects of the War of 1812:
Americans were united in a sense of nationalism, believing that they had beaten the British
America entered an “Era of Good Feelings” with a popular president & booming national economy 27