1. Matter
SOL 6.4

2. It’s what the world is made of.
Matter:
It’s what the world is made of.
Here are some notes

3. What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

4. How can matter be described?
Physical and chemical properties are used to identify, describe, and classify matter.
A substance is a single kind of matter that has distinct physical and chemical properties.

5. What is a physical property?
A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into something else:
State of matter
Hardness
Texture
Color
Melting and Boiling points

6. States of Matter
Gases
Plasma
Solids
Liquids

7. Particles in Solids: Are packed tightly together
Have very little energy
Vibrate in place

8. Solids Solids have definite shape and definite volume.
Solids have mass.
Solids take up space.
Read more!

9. Particles in Liquids: Are loosely packed Have medium energy levels
Particles flow around each other

10. Liquids
Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume.
Liquids have mass.
Liquids take up space.
Read more!

11. Particles in Gases:
Move freely
Have LOTS of energy

12. Gases
Gases spread out to fill the entire space given and do not have definite volume.
Gases have mass.
Gases take up space.
Read more!

13. Particles in Plasma: Are electrically charged
Have EXTREMELY high energy levels

14. Plasma Lightning is a plasma.
Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights.
Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged.
Read more!

15. What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?
STATES of matter?
What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

16. Energy determines the state!

17. Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

18. What will happen? Why?
Here are some notes

19. Solid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to solids, they become liquids!
Examples?
Melting ice cube, melting ice cream

20. Liquid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to liquids, they become gases!
What examples can you think of?
Boiling water

21. Changing States State change Phase change Physical change
There are several names for matter changing states:
State change
Phase change
Physical change

22. So, did we get something new?
Ice cream and melted ice cream?
Chocolate and melted chocolate?
Ice, water, and water vapor?
Steel and molten steel? NO

23. Review Questions
What state of matter has definite volume and definite shape?
Describe the properties of liquids.
Describe the differences between gases and plasma.
What is needed for states of matter to change phase?

24. Answers:
A solid
Particles are loosely packed, have medium energy levels and particles flow around each other. Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume.
Plasma particles are electrically charged.
ENERGY

25. Physical versus Chemical
Changes and Properties

26. What is a physical property?
A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into something else:
State of matter
Hardness
Texture
Color
Melting and Boiling points

27. What is a chemical property?
A chemical property is a characteristic that is observed when a substance interacts with another substance:
Flammability
Rusting
Combustibility

28. Physical vs Chemical Changes
Physical Change
A change that alters the appearance of a material but does not make the material into another substance.
Examples: chopping wood, bending copper wire, molding clay
Chemical Change
A change in matter that produces new substances.
Examples: souring of milk, burning wood

29. Evidence of a Chemical Change
Smoke or Fire
Bubbles or fizzing
Unexpected temperature change
Unexpected Color Change or rusting
Precipitate (a solid) is formed or new substance formed

30. Kinds of Matter
Elements – a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. Made up of only 1 kind of atom.
Examples: gold, carbon, oxygen
Compounds – a substance made of two of more elements chemically combined in a set proportion.
Examples: CO2, H2O, C6H12O6

31. Mixtures - made up of two of more substances – elements, compounds, or both – that are in the same place but not chemically combined.