1. Biology Notes Cell Energy Part 4 Pages 113-124

2. Standards
____ Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration ____ Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration ____ Discuss the role of anaerobic respiration in living things and in human society
4.5
4.6
4.8

3. Essential Question: 1.
How is energy acquired and used by
organisms?

4. I. Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration = the process that releases _______ to make _______by breaking down ________ and other food molecules when __________ is present EQUATION:
energy
ATP
glucose
oxygen

5. In other words, we _______ in order to get the energy out of ________ and use or store it in our bodies
The outcome of this reaction results in ______ and ____ leaving our bodies
breathe
glucose
CO2
water

6. II. Mitochondria plants
Mitochondria = organelles found in both ______ and ________ which convert chemical energy found in food to _____ more convenient for the cell to use
STRUCTURE:
Inner Membrane
Outer Membrane
Christae = the inner _____of the mitochondria
animals
ATP
*The mitochondria does
aerobic cellular respiration*
folds

7. DIAGRAM:
mitochondrion
animal cell

8. The more mitochondria in a cell, the more energy that cell ________
What types of cells in the body would require more energy than normal?
Would these cells require more mitochondria than normal?
receives
* muscle cells
* YES!!!

9. III. Glycolysis & Cellular Respiration
STEP 1: Glycolysis
Glycolysis = process in which __ molecule of ________ is broken in half to make _______ acid and release _______
glycolysis is __________ meaning it does NOT need _______
glyco = sweet
lysis = to break 1
pyruvic
glucose
energy
anaerobic
oxygen

10. glycolysis is not considered part of _________ respiration but MUST take place in order for cell respiration to occur
occurs in the __________ of cells
NAD+ = electron _______ that collects energy rich ___ and ___ to form ______
cellular
cytoplasm
carrier e- H+
NADH

11. 1. ___ ATP broken down for energy. The energy is used to ______ glucose.
2. ____ and ____ which contain energy are removed from ________.
3. At the end, there are 2 _______ acids.
NET = ___ ATP and __ NADH 2
break e- H+
glucose
(forms PGAL)
pyruvic 2 2
+ 2 ATP

13. STEP 2: Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration = the steps in cellular ___________ that use _______ to obtain _______
occurs in the ____________ of cells
A. PART 1 of Aerobic Respiration = The Kreb’s Cycle
Kreb’s Cycle = the second step in _______ respiration in which _______ acid is broken down to form _____
respiration
oxygen
energy
mitochondria
cellular
pyruvic
CO2

14. also known as the ______ acid cycle
FAD+ = electron _______ that collects energy rich ___ and ___ to form _______
citric
carrier e- H+
FADH2

16. PART 2 of Aerobic Respiration = The Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain = the final step in ________ respiration in which high-energy ________________________ from glycolysis and the ________ cycle are used to convert ______ to ATP
occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria
cellular
carriers
(NADH + FADH2)
Kreb’s
ADP
christae

18. 1. NADH and ________ bring energy rich __ and ___ into the ________
2. The ___ and ___ travel from protein to protein inside the christae.
3. The ____ gather all the energy and get caught by _____ to change into _____.
4. The empty ___ then attach the empty ___ to ___ to form _____.
FADH2 e- H+
christae e- H+ H+
ADP
ATP H+ e- O2
H2O

19. TOTAL ATP FROM CELLULAR RESPIRATION =
________ is the final electron __________
NET = ____ ATP
oxygen
acceptor 32
TOTAL ATP FROM CELLULAR RESPIRATION =
32-38 ATP

20. IV. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration = cellular respiration that provides the body with energy from _________ without the use of ________
in anaerobic respiration, __________ is still the ____ step.
____________ is the ____ step
Fermentation = release of energy from _____ without the presence of _______ by allowing ___________ to continue working
glucose
oxygen
glycolysis
1st
fermentation
2nd
food
oxygen
glycolysis

21. 2 TYPES OF FERMENTATION:
1. Alcoholic Fermentation = type of fermentation used by ______ cells to get energy
EQUATION:
why _____ used to make ______
yeast
Glucose → 2 pyruvic acid + 2 NADH + 2 ATP → alcohol (ethanol) + CO2 + NAD+
bread
yeast

22. 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation = type of fermentation performed by _______ cells which turn ________ into ______ acid
EQUATION:
used only when the body does not have enough _______
the lactic acid builds up in the ________ until it is taken to the _____ to be converted back to _______ acid
animal
glucose
lactic
Glucose → 2 pyruvic acid + NADPH + 2ATP →
lactic acid + NAD+
oxygen
muscles
liver
pyruvic