1. Computer Graphics : Introduction

2. Contents Computer Graphics – What’s It All About? Application Areas
Course Outline
Books

3. What Is Computer Graphics?
The term computer graphics was coined in 1960 by William Fetter to describe new design methods he was pursuing at Boeing
Fetter created a series of widely reproduced images on a pen plotter exploring cockpit design, using a 3D model of a human body

4. What Is Computer Graphics? (cont…)
Computer graphics may be defined as a pictorial representation or graphical representation of objects in a computer.

5. Interactive Computer Graphics
Takes things a step further by allowing users rapid visual feedback from their actions
Typically we have the following cycle:
INPUT
PROCESSING
DISPLAY/ OUTPUT
Mouse Tablet and stylus Force feedback device Scanner Live video streams
Screen Paper-based printer Video recorder Projector VR/AR headset

6. Interactive Computer Graphics (cont…)
Sketchpad, developed in the 1960s, was the first interactive computer graphics application
Using a light pen, key pad and monitor it allowed users create accurate design drawings
Dr. Ivan E. Sutherland developed Sketchpad as part of his PhD work. He went on to be a hugely influential computer scientist working in areas as diverse as graphics, circuit design, robotics and computer hardware

7. Some Applications Of Computer Graphics
Some of the application areas which make heavy use of computer graphics are:
Computer aided design
Scientific visualisation
Films
Games
Virtual/Augmented Reality
NOTE: There are lots more and there is huge overlap between these different areas

8. Computer Aided Design

9. Scientific Visualisation

10. Films

11. Games

12. Virtual/Augmented Reality

13. Practical Work in OpenGL/ TC++
Course Outline
Introduction: Context, Requirements, and Application: History of computer graphics, graphics architectures and software, imaging: pinhole camera, human vision, synthetic camera, modeling vs rendering
Graphics Pipeline and Hardware : Display Unit, Frame buffer, DPU, GPU
Data structures and algorithms for Raster Graphics : Line, circle, ellipse, polygon, Area filling; Rasterization algorithms, clipping, polygonal fill, others. Introduction to hidden surface removal;
Colours: Color perception, color models (RGB, CMY, HLS), color transformations. Color in OpenGL. RGB and Indexed color;
2D and 3D Planer and Curved objects: Data structures for modeling; Algorithms for Mesh generation, Clipping, 2D and 3D; Geometric Transformations, and so on; Geometric transformations: affine transformations (translation, rotation, scaling, shear), homogeneous coordinates, concatenation, current transformation and matrix stacks; Three dimensional graphics: classical three dimensional viewing, specifying views, affine transformation in 3D, projective transformations;
Rendering and animation : Data Structures, Algorithms and hardware support; Ray Tracing; Shading: illumination and surface modeling, Phong shading model, polygon shading; Discrete Techniques: buffers, reading and writing bitmaps and pixelmaps, texture mapping, compositing; Introduction to animation and keyframing;
Procedural modeling: Fractals and particle systems
Practical Work in OpenGL/ TC++

14. Leading Industries Walt Disney Animation Studio Magic Leap
CGarchitect Digital Media Corporation
Welta Digital
Valve Digital
Sony picture Imageworks.
……..

15. Books
“Computer Graphics with OpenGL”, D. Hearn & M. P. Baker, Prentice Hall, 2003
“Introduction to Computer Graphics”, J.D. Foley, A. van Dam, S.K. Feiner, J.F. Hughes & R.L. Phillips, Addison Wesley, 1997
“Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice”, J.D. Foley, A. van Dam, S.K. Feiner & J.F. Hughes, Addison Wesley, 1995