1. Topic: Displaced People
23  
Topic: Displaced People
Standard: Examines and analyzes the events that led to the removal of the Indians from Georgia.
Topic: Displaced People
23   Standard: Examines and analyzes the events that led to the removal of the Indians from Georgia.

2. After 105 years of first English colonists arriving in GA…
GA’s Native population is gone
Tribal lands are in hands of the whites
How did this happen?

3. Differing Views of Land
Native Americans: Can’t own land; just use and manage it
White Americans: Land is to be bought, sold and inherited…it is to be owned just as in Europe

4. Native American Tribal Leaders
Have white fathers and Indian mothers
Live in 2 different worlds
…Alexander McGillivray
…William McIntosh
…John Ross
…Elias Boudinot
…George Guess (Sequoyah) syllabary

5. 5 Civilized Tribes
“civilized” because they take on whites’ ways of life
Creeks
Cherokees
Seminoles
Choctaws
Chickasaws

6. 5 Civilized Tribes

7. Where were they located?
Choctaws _____________________ _____________________________
Chickasaws ___________________
_____________________________
Cherokees ___________________
____________________________
Creeks ______________________
Seminoles ____________________
______________________________

8. Creek Confederation Loose association of tribes A.k.a. Muscogees
2 distinct groups
Upper Creeks & Lower Creeks (include Yamacraws)
Chiefdoms = 2+ towns led by a chief MICO

9. After American Revolution: Creeks help the British…GA gov’t demands Creeks cede land
Upper Creeks
Led by chief Alexander McGillivray
Refuse to give up land
Lower Creeks
Turn over their territory to GA gov’t

10. After Yazoo Land Fraud…
GA turns over western lands to US gov’t and receives…
(1)$1,250,000
(2)US gov’t promises to remove
Indians from GA as soon as
possible **
**while still promising Native Americans to protect their land holdings

11. As Native Americans cede land…
GA begins to distribute Indian lands through the 5 Land Lotteries

12. The Creeks…
Largest of 5 civilized tribes to live in GA

13. War of 1812: Britain vs. US (round 2)
Upper Creeks
Aka “Red Sticks”
Side with the British vs. US
Lower Creeks
Stay friendly with the US

14. Upper Creeks (Red Sticks):
Fight civil war vs. Lower Creeks
Fight against Gen. Andrew Jackson & Lower Creeks (led by Chief Wm. McIntosh) at Horseshoe Bend
Lose battle and Creek War is almost over
700 Red Sticks are killed in one day

15. Chief Wm. McIntosh A Lower Creek chief
First cousin to GA governor, George McIntosh Troup
Takes thousands of dollars from GA gov’t to try to get Creeks and Cherokees to cede their land and move
Is killed by Lower Creeks for signing treaty ceding Creek land

16. GA Gov. George McIntosh Troup…
Demands US Gov’t honor their agreement and remove all Native Americans from GA

17. US Gov’t…
Removes all Creeks to Oklahoma where descendents live today

18. The Seminoles
The only one of 5 civilized tribes to live in Florida and south GA
Take in escaped slaves from SC & GA and allow them to live free on Seminole land
“Black Seminoles” occur from inter-marriage of escaped slaves with Seminole Indians

19. Seminole Indians (cont.)
Gen. Andrew Jackson (1817) crosses into Florida and wins the First Seminole War
Seminoles move southward to central Florida
Seminoles lose Second Seminole War to US and 500 Seminoles escape to Florida Everglades

20. Cherokees Live in Mountains and avoid first Indian removal
Sided with Britain in War of 1812
Live in independent towns along rivers and streams
Seen as most “civilized” due to adopting more ways of life of whites

21. New Echota Capital of Cherokee nation Near Calhoun, GA
Where Sequoyah (George Guess) lived and wrote the Cherokee syllabary and The Cherokee Phoenix
(bilingual Cherokee newspaper)

22. New Echota
US gov’t accepts Cherokee gov’t, but, GA gov’t does NOT…

23. As Cherokee leaders go to Washington, DC to ask for help…
Gen. Andrew Jackson becomes US President (1829) and tells his “…red children to move west.”
Remember, Pres. Jackson had fought vs. Native Americans much of his life

24. Cherokee Chief Speckled Snake replies…
‘…the Cherokees no longer trust President Jackson or the US government…they had made many treaties and keep none…’

25. First US Gold Rush, 1829 On Cherokee land In Dahlonega, GA
Helps to cause removal of Cherokees from GA
Cherokees ask US Gov’t for help to keep white miners off Cherokee land
US Gov’t helps and GA gov’t is angry

26. GA gov’t angry with US gov’t…
Because US gov’t is seen as interfering in a state’s (GA) rights to govern itself
STATES RRIGHTS will continue to be a disagreement among southern states and US Gov’t

27. Missionaries Help Cherokees Urge Cherokees to resist ceding their land
Are jailed after GA law says ‘no whites can help Indians’
Are freed when US Supreme Court says GA law cannot be legal in Cherokee nation

28. GA gov’t & Pres. Andrew Jackson…
Ignore the Supreme Court and continue to remove Cherokees from GA

29. The Cherokees split… Chief John Ross & most Cherokees
Resist moving west
Eventually driven from GA west to Oklahoma
Major Ridge
& Elias Boudinot (first editor of The Cherokee Phoenix)
Agree to move west & sign treaty for $5 million

30. Trail of Tears
1838, Under Gen Winfield Scott, 15,000 GA Cherokees rounded up
Forced to walk (in dead of winter) west to Oklahoma
Thousands die

31. Trail of Tears Map
Cherokee removal

32. Trail of Tears Map (2 of 2)