1. The study of the internal structure of words
Morphology
The study of the internal structure of words

2. What is Morphology? Morphology is the study of word formation
Morphologists identify different classes of morphemes, and study the patterns that occur in the combination of morphemes
Ex: {re-} only comes before verbs

3. The smallest meaningful unit
What does it mean to be the smallest meaningful unit in a language?
Divide the following sentence into the smallest meaningful unit:
I have two dogs.
I / have / two / dogs
I / have / two / dog / -s

4. Morphemes Meaningful units “I have two cats” “She wants to leave soon”
“He walked across the room”
“Her behavior was unbelievable”

5. Morphemes Free Bound Can stand alone {eye, think, run, apple}
Can’t stand alone
Has to be attached to a free morpheme
{-able, un-, -s, -tion, -ly}

6. Morpheme Types Root Affixes Base
The morpheme that is the semantic core
“unthinkable” “realization” “distrust”
Affixes
Bound morpheme that attaches to roots
{-s, un-, de-, -en, -able, -ize, -hood}
Base
Anything to which an affix is attached
root
{un.think.able}
base

7. Affixes The most common way to build new words Prefix Suffix Infix

8. Prefixes Prefix An affix that attaches to the front of a root
{un-, dis-, de-, mis-}
Example: {in-} indecent

9. Prefixes Karok [pasip] “Shoot!” [nipasip] “I shoot”
[/upasip] “She/he shoots”
{pasip} “shoot
{ni-} “1st person singular”
{/u-} “3rd person singular”

10. Suffixes Suffix An affix that attaches to the end of a root
{-able, -ing, -ed, -s}
Most common affix
Example: {-ful} careful

11. Suffixes Mende [pElE] “house” [pElEi] “the house” [mEmE] “glass”
[mEmEi] “the glass”
{-i} “the”

12. Infix
Infix
An affix that attaches within the root
No English example

13. Infix Bontoc [fikas] “strong” [fumikas] “she is becoming strong”
[fusul] “enemy”
[fumusal] “she is becoming an
enemy”
{-um-} “becoming”

14. Affix Affix General term to cover all the previous terms
Affixes can attach to other affixes
boy . ish . ness
dis . en . tangle

15. Group Work Identify and isolate the morphemes
Decide if it is Free or Bound
Decide what kind of affix is involved (if any)