1. Digestive System

2. What is Digestion?
It is a process that allows your body to get the nutrients and energy it needs from the food you eat

3. What is the first step in digestion?
Saliva
This starts when you smell, think of, or see food.

4. What does saliva do?
Breaks down the chemicals in the food a little bit
Helps make your food mushy

5. Tongue and Teeth
Tongue helps by pushing the food around and teeth chew up the food
When ready to swallow, the tongue pushes mushed up food (bolus) to the back of the throat and to the opening of the esophagus.

6. Second part of digestive track
Esophagus
What is the Esophagus?
It is like a stretchy pipe that is 10 inches long

7. What does it do? It is a transporter
Moves food from back of throat to your stomach
Takes 2-3 seconds
What else is at the back of the throat?
Wind pipe
What is at the back of the wind pipe?
epiglottis

8. Stomach
Shaped like the letter “J”

9. Jobs of the Stomach 3 main jobs Store food
Break down food into a liquid mixture
Slowly empty that liquid mixture into the small intestine.

10. How does the stomach do these things?
Muscles in the walls of the stomach plus gastric juices (which come from the stomach walls) break down the food.
Gastric juices also help kill the bacteria in food.

11. Small Intestine It is 1.5-2 inches in diameter and 23 feet long
All this is packed beneath your stomach

12. Parts of the small intestine
Duodenum – 1st part of small intestine.
Main absorption for simple sugar, minerals, Vit. A and Vit. D
Jejunum & Ileum – Both of these have tiny bumps called “Villi” they increase the area so more nutrients can be absorbed.

13. What does it do?
Continues to break down the food mixture, so your body can absorb all the vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
It gets help to do this from:
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
These all send different juices to the first part of the small intestine

14. Pancreas
Makes juices to help the body digest fats and protein

15. Liver
It’s juice is called bile which help absorb fat into the bloodstream

16. Gallbladder
Stores the bile from the liver until the body needs it

17. What happens to food while in the small intestine?
Food may stay in the small intestine for up to 4 hours
While in the small intestine, nutrients from your food pass from the small intestine into the blood stream.

18. What happens when in blood?
From the small intestine to the blood, the nutrients travel to the LIVER

19. Liver
Nutrient rich blood comes directly to the liver for processing

20. What does the liver do? Liver filters out harmful substances or waste
Some waste is turned into more bile
Liver also helps figure out how many nutrients will go to the rest of the body, and what will stay behind into storage.
Example: liver stores vitamins and a type of sugar the body uses for energy

21. What happens to the left over waste your body can not use?
Goes to the Large intestine.
Large intestine is 3-4 inches in diameter and about 5 feet long.
Large intestine does have a tiny tube with a closed end coming off it called the appendix.
The appendix is part of the digestive tract, but does not seem to do anything!

22. Large Intestine
First part of the large intestine is called the colon

23. What does the colon do?
Last chance for the body to absorb water and some minerals into the blood.
As water leaves, the waste product that is left gets harder, and it is called….

24. Poop!
Large intestine pushes the poop into the rectum then out the anus

25. Why should we dig the digestive system?
Without it, you could not get the nutrients you need to grow properly and stay healthy.

26. Problems with the Digestive System
Constipation- not going to the bathroom, feeling like you need to, but can’t.
Why?
Unhealthy diet: too much fat, sugar, or starch.
Not enough fiber.
Not enough exercise
Keeps food moving
Not enough fluid
Keeps everything moist and soft
Not going when you need to
Stress

27. Irritable Bowl Syndrome
Common problem
Happens in the colon
The muscles in the colon and the rest of the body do not work together.
Sx:
Pain
Bloating
Fast moving (Diarrhea)
gas

28. Treatment Sometimes meds Not as many big meals No chocolate
No spicy foods
No high fat foods

29. Heartburn (GERD) What is it? Sx: Tx:
The bottom ring of muscles does not keep the lower part of the esophagus tightly closed between swallows, acid from the stomach comes back up into the esophagus.
Sx:
Burning sensation
Tx:
Change diet
Lower stress levels