1. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Institute of Informatics and Software Engineering Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Michal Tvarožek, Michal Barla, Mária Bieliková

2. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Presentation outline Motivation What is the problem? Personalized presentation layer architecture Evaluation Summary

3. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Motivation Large open information spaces Navigation and search related problems –Lost in hyperspace syndrome –Many (irrelevant) search results Adaptive WIS (web-based information systems) –Few standard solutions –New adaptive WIS = start from square one

4. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Adaptive WIS problems No standard software architecture available Used mostly for e-learning applications Existing reference models (Dexter, AHAM) –Deal with mostly abstract stuff –Ignore software development and reuse aspects HERA methodology focuses more on presentation than adaptation and user modeling

5. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems User modeling problems Automatic creation of a user model is difficult Logging without semantics –Hard-coded evaluation logic depends on a specific domain and implementation Web log analysis yields bad results –Purely server-side approach –Extensive pre-processing required –Better suited for overall statistics gathering than the evaluation of individual users characteristics Sharing of user models between tools or applications requires common ground

6. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Goals Devise the architecture of an adaptive WIS based on the use of interconnected software tools –Identify tool roles and interconnects –Focus on extensibility and flexibility –Support architecture/tool reuse for different application domains –Stress interoperability and common ground between tools

7. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Architecture overview

8. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Portal Facilitates user management tasks –User registration –User authentication and authorization Provides a single global user interface –Ensures a common look & feel –Integrates individual presentation tools as pluggable portlets that can be added, removed or reordered

9. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Architecture overview

10. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Presentation tools Perform adaptive presentation of content Allow for the use of different views/perspectives suitable for individual users –The same data can be viewed e.g. with a Faceted browser Cluster visualization tool Form-filling tool

11. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Architecture overview

12. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Client-side logging Captures client-side events that would otherwise go unnoticed –Hovering on items –Java script interaction –Back button –Form filling actions (e.g. the order of fields)

13. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Architecture overview

14. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Server-side logging Integrates event data from various sources Creates one continuous stream of events for –Each user –Each user session Preserves the semantics of events supplied by individual tools; –Instead of GET www.x.com/overview.do?id=456&att=loc&r=33www.x.com/overview.do?id=456&att=loc&r=33 –We get:, (, ) Circumvents the tight coupling of presentation and log analysis tools in traditional approaches Makes the log data accessible to all user modeling tools

15. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Architecture overview

16. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems User characteristics evaluation Continuously evaluates user event log data –Estimates individual users characteristics –Updates the user model Evaluates –User navigation –Implicit user feedback on presented content –User behavior consistency or lack thereof

17. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Evaluation Within the context of projects –NAZOU (nazou.fiit.stuba.sk); domain: job offers Tools for Acquisition, Organization and Maintenance of Knowledge in an Environment of Heterogeneous Information Resources –MAPEKUS (mapekus.fiit.stuba.sk); domain: scientific publications Modeling and Acquisition, Processing and Employing Knowledge About User Activities in the Internet Hyperspace Project constraints –Implementation environment Java 5 –Presentation framework Apache Cocoon –Ontological repository Sesame

18. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems How it works?

19. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems What can we do with it? Personalize facet layout Improve response time Reduce the number of necessary clicks

20. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Key issues I. Interoperability and common ground between tools –Requires common information and semantics representation Ontologies provide means for defining common semantics Domain, user and event ontology Automatic user model acquisition –Built-in comprehensive logging of user interaction with semantics Client-side Server-side –Automatic event log evaluation –Continuous user characteristics estimation

21. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Key issues II. Flexibility and extensibility –Modular architecture composed of interconnected software tools –Simultaneous support for the use and integration of multiple presentation/user modeling tools Reusability –Generic domain independent tools for specific tasks

22. Sofsem 2007 22. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems Summary Generic architecture of the personalized presentation layer of adaptive WIS Evaluation within projects –NAZOU (nazou.fiit.stuba.sk) ~ job offers –MAPEKUS (mapekus.fiit.stuba.sk) ~ publications Future work –Analyze possibilities of tool orchestration –Devise methods of cooperation between multiple tools used for the same task