1. America: The Growing Pains Years
APUSH Unit 2B

2. Still Having Troubles with Britain??
The British never really left America after the Revolutionary War.
The Americans and the British fought over the borders with Canada.
The British wanted to have control of Baltimore, New Orleans and Washington, D.C.

3. Still Having Troubles with the Native Americans??
The Native Americans continued to fight against the Americans and their westward growth towards lands in the Northwest Territory
Today’s Ohio and Indiana
The British deserted the tribes after the Treaty of Greenville gave the Americans more land
The tribes reacted in 4 distinct ways.

4. Native American Reactions
Accepted White culture
Little Turtle lived peacefully with the Americans
Blended White and Native American cultures
Handsome Lake settled differences and lived peacefully
Returned to Indian Traditions
Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) opposed assimilation
Later joined his brother, Tecumseh in open warfare
Took military action
Tecumseh led tribes in open warfare
Fought Wm. Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe
Joined the British in the War of 1812 and died in battle

5. Manifest Destiny

7. Embargo of 1807
Instead of going to war with England, President Thomas Jefferson asked Congress to pass an embargo.
American trade with any foreign country was restricted.
The Embargo outlawed almost all trade with foreign countries
Result: Americans smuggled goods to Europe
The Embargo was EXTREMELY unpopular with Americans
Ruined Jefferson’s second term and his popularity

9. USS Chesapeake
In 1807 the British ship Leopard attacked the American ship, USS Chesapeake.
Americans are outraged…many demand war!

10. Election of 1808
James Madison was elected as the 4th American president
Jefferson retired to his home
Later makes peace with Adams
Madison inherited the problems with the British
Congress was anxious to settle these differences

11. War Hawks In 1810 a new Congress was elected.
In the new Congress there was a group known as War Hawks.
They wanted to go to war with England and invade Canada.
On June 18, 1812, President James Madison declared war on England even though the United States was not ready for war.

12. The Specific Causes of the War of 1812
The British had previously attacked the USS Chesapeake and nearly caused a war two year earlier.
Disputes continued with Great Britain over the Northwest Territories and the border with Canada.
Finally, the attempts of Great Britain to impose a blockade on France during the Napoleonic Wars was a constant source of conflict with the United States.

13. Indirect and Direct Causes
Indirect Cause
The War was declared as a result of long simmering disputes with Great Britain.
Direct Cause
The central dispute surrounded the impressment of American soldiers by the British.

14. The USS Constitution
Cruising off the Gulf of St. Lawrence on August 19, 1812 the USS Constitution encountered the Guerriere, a fast British frigate mounting 49 guns.
Twenty minutes later the Guerriere was a dismasted hulk, so badly damaged that she was not worth towing to port.
The American ship sent the British ammunition rebounding harmlessly off its hull.

15. Thus the name… “Old Ironsides”
It was a dramatic victory for America and for USS Constitution .
In this battle of only half an hour the United States "rose to the rank of a first-class power“
The country was fired with fresh confidence and courage; and union among the States was greatly strengthened.

17. 1813
The campaign of 1813 centered on Lake Erie. The general was William Henry Harrison who would later become president of the United States.
He led an army of militia, volunteers and regulars from Kentucky with the object of retaking Detroit.
The entire region now came under American control.

20. 1814
Another decisive turn in the war occurred in 1814 when the Americans won a point-blank gun duel with a British flotilla on Lake Champlain in upper New York.
Deprived of naval support, a British invasion force of 10,000 men retreated to Canada.
At about the same time, the British fleet was harassing the Eastern seaboard with orders to "destroy and lay waste."

21. The White House Burns
On the night of August 24, 1814, the British burst into Washington, D.C., home of the federal government.
American morale was at an all-time low when the British captured the City of Washington and burned the White House.

22. The President Flees
President James Madison and his wife Dolley Madison fled to Virginia.
She is credited with saving several priceless papers and a picture of George Washington from the flames

23. From Dolley Madison’s Journal
Dolley packed state papers and wondering how she might save Gilbert Stuart's priceless full-length portrait of George Washington.
I have had [a wagon] filled with plate and the most valuable portable articles belonging to the house; whether it will reach its destination, the Bank of Maryland, or fall into the hands of British soldiers, events must determine."
She then supervised servants as they wrenched Washington's portrait from the wall.
"It is done... the precious portrait placed in the hands of the gentlemen for safe keeping. And now, dear sister, I must leave this house or the retreating army will make me a prisoner in it by filling up the road I am directed to take. When I shall again write to you, or where I shall be tomorrow, I cannot tell."

24. The Star-Spangled Banner
In 1813 the commander of Ft. McHenry asked for a flag so big that "the British have no trouble seeing it from a distance."
He asked Mary Young Pickersgill to make the flag for him. Her thirteen year old daughter helped her.
She used 400 yards of fine wool.
They cut 15 stars that were two feet across.
There were 8 red and 7 white stripes.
The stripes were each two feet wide.
When it was finished it measured 30 by 42 feet and cost $

26. Ft. McHenry Attacked!
Baltimore Harbor was attacked and Ft. McHenry was bombarded by British bombs-
A lawyer, Francis Scott Key watched from an American ship in the harbor and wrote a poem to that expressed his feelings after seeing the American flag still flying during the battle.

27. National Anthem
Key’s poem, “The Defence of Fort M'Henry”, was later added to the existing music “To Anacreon Heaven”, by the English composer John Stafford, but the combination came to be known as the “Star Spangled Banner”.
Under this name, the song was adopted as the American national anthem in 1931.

28. Do you know the Lyrics??
Work with a small group and see if you know the lyrics…

29. Here they are….
Oh, say can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

30. Cool Website
The Star Spangled Banner: The Flag that Inspired the National Anthem

31. The End of the War…
The negotiators for Great Britain accepted the Treaty of Ghent negotiated in Belgium on December 24, 1814.
In the negotiations that followed, the United States gave up its demands to end impressment, while Britain promised to leave Canada’s borders unchanged and abandon efforts to create an Indian state in the Northwest.
But mail was very slow in the 19th century…

32. Oops! There was a treaty???
Unaware that a peace treaty had been signed, the two sides continued fighting in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Led by General Andrew Jackson, the Americans scored the greatest land victory of the war.
The Battle of New Orleans

33. What’s next for the young country???
Americans now turned their energies to exploring and settling the American continent in a fury of westward expansion.

34. The Balance of Power Congress had a balance of free and slave states
But…new lands mean new states
Will they be slave or free states??
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 said that no state north of the Ohio River could be a slave state
Missouri did not fit the definition
Bitter debate followed in Congress

36. A Compromise was reached in 1820
The Missouri Compromise
Slavery would be permitted in the new state of Missouri
Maine would also admitted as a free state
Any new state above 36’ 30” N would be free
The balance of power was preserved….FOR NOW!!

38. President James Monroe
President James Monroe was elected in 1820 after James Madison left office
He had served for two terms
This time period is often called the “Era of Good Feelings” because of the lack of political animosity

39. The Monroe Doctrine
The United States planned to stay neutral in wars between European powers and their colonies.
However, if other nations invaded in the Americas, the United States would view such action as hostile.
President James Monroe first stated the doctrine during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to Congress, a defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States.

40. …the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power
…we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety….
we could not view any interposition ….in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.”

41. We are
making threats
AND moving WEST!