1. Poetic Forms

2. TERMS YOU WILL NEED TO KNOW!! (WRITE)
Stanza: a group of lines in a poem
Often defined by common meter and rhyme scheme
Stanzas are often set off from the rest of the poem but don’t have to be.
Couplet: A two-line stanza
Quatrain: A four-line stanza

3. Sestet: A six-line stanza
Octave: An eight-line stanza

4. TERMS TO WRITE DOWN
Enjambment: A run-on line in which the sense of the line carries into the next line
Allows blank verse to maintain both metrical pattern and syntactical flow
Internal Rhyme: Rhyme in which final consonant sounds are the same but the vowel sounds differ (rover, lover)
Slant Rhyme: An imperfect or near rhyme

5. TERMS YOU WILL NEED TO KNOW!!! (WRITE)
Meter: The pattern of strong and weak beats in a line of poetry; the rhythm of each line
Iambic pentameter: a line of meter consisting of 5 stressed and 5 unstressed syllables.

6. Lyric Poetry (write)
Lyric Poetry is short poetry usually expressing on emotion.
Comparatively short, non-narrative poem in which a single speaker presents a state of mind or an emotional state.
Lyric poetry retains some of the elements of song which is said to be its origin: For Greek writers the lyric was a song accompanied by the lyre.
Sonnets, elegies, odes, and songs are all examples of Lyric Poetry.

7. Free Verse vs. Blank Verse (write)
Free verse does NOT follow any rules (rhyme, meter, etc)
Blank verse – unrhymed lines BUT follow strict rhythm (usually iambic pentameter)

8. Other Important Forms
In Handout

9. Ballad
Ballads, one of the earliest forms of literature, are narrative songs.
Traditionally passed down orally from generation to generation, they are divided into two major types: Folk Ballads which are meant to be sung and Literary Ballads which are meant to be printed and read.
Major themes found in ballads include love, especially unrequited love, revenge, courage, and death.

10. Ballad
Ballads are usually tragic in tone and emphasize the story rather than the setting or characters.
Dialogue, refrains, and repetitions are common elements in ballads.
The ballad stanza is a quatrain with the second and fourth lines rhyming.
Musical ballads may or may not follow this pattern, but most tell a story about a person, and the story is often a touching one.

11. Petrarchan Sonnet
 the Petrarchan sonnet is a 14-line poem that uses iambic pentameter and a somewhat flexible rhyme scheme.
The first eight lines, or octave, of a Petrarchan sonnet almost always follows the same rhyme scheme: abbaabba.
The rhyme scheme of the last six lines, or sestet, of a Petrarchan sonnet varies from poem to poem. Some of the most common rhyme schemes for the sestet are cdecde, cdcdcd, cddcdd, and cddece.
The first octave of the poem sets up a conflict or situation for the poem which is usually resolved or explained in the final couplet.

12. Shakespearean Sonnet The Shakespearean sonnet is a fourteen line poem.
The format of a Shakespearean sonnet consists of three quatrains (a four line stanza of verse) and ending in a couplet (a two line stanza of verse).
The rhyme scheme is as follows: abab cdcd efef gg.
The first three quatrains of the poem set up a conflict or situation for the poem which is usually resolved or explained in the final couplet.
The sonnet is written in Iambic Pentameter which is a line of meter consisting of 5 stressed and 5 unstressed syllables.

13. Elegy and Ode
Elegy: a poem lamenting the death of a person or a situation.
Ode: Poetry characterized by giving praise or showing appreciation for a person, place, thing, or idea.

14. Concrete Poetry Concrete Poetry is also known as Poetic Pictogram.
Concrete poetry is poetry that is arranged in lines that form a shape or make a picture about the subject.
It is also sometimes called a shape poem.