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The Renaissance
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What is the Renaissance?
Art? Literature? Philosophy? Revival of society? Making the World a better place after the Black Death?
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The Awakening Renaissance “Rebirth” Began in Florence, Italy
Movement in which people became interested in the art, social, scientific, and political ideas of ancient Greece and Rome People wanted more luxurious things
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Why Italy? Italy had been the center of Rome Empire
Still a lot of Greek and Roman art, ruins, culture, and interest there. Italian cities had become very wealthy. Population of Italy becoming more urban Could afford to pay painters, sculptors, architects, and other artists to produce new works.
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Italian Wealth Italy was never fully united under one kingdom
This led to many wealthy city-states Trade Great geography Peninsula Coastlines and Ports Location in Mediterranean Sea Spain and France to the west Byzantines and Ottoman Empire to the East North Africa and Arabs to the South
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Venice Wealthiest city-state Home of Marco Polo
Wealth came from trade, building canals and water ways, and shipbuilding.
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Government Urban Nobles- Wealthy men of Italian city-states
Got wealthy from land and trade Blend of wealth merchants and noble families Republic-government controlled by the people Often ruled by powerful man Diplomacy
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The Value of City-States
Read pages 616 and 617 The Value of City-States
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Humanism New way to understand world
Based on values of ancient Greeks and Romans Individual and human society important Use reason more than religion Balance between faith and reason Be educated and try to achieve new discoveries and great inventions
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Humanism Studied many different topics such as: Plants Animals
Human anatomy Medicine Astronomy-Stars and Planets Mathematics Ancient philosophy Archeology
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Study the past Petrarch-Poet and scholar
Encouraged people to study past philosophy and literature
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Literature Wrote in Latin and the vernacular
Dante Alighieri-The Divine Comedy-Tale of a man and his epic journey from hell to heaven. Chaucer-The Canterbury Tales
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Art in the Renaissance Donatello Raphael Michelangelo
Relief sculpture Raphael Michelangelo Sistine Chapel Pieta David Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa Last Supper 1st to draw human body accurately Scientist
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Donatello
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St. John the Baptist
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Raphael
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Maddalena
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Madonna dell Granduca c
Madonna dell Granduca c (110 kB); Oil on wood, 84 x 55 cm (33 x 21 1/2 in); Palazzo Pitti, Florence
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Michelangelo
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Sistine Chapel
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Pieta
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David jr053.k12.sd.us
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Mona Lisa
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Last Supper
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Read Page
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Revolution in Science Use reason and scientific method Copernicus
Earth was not the center of the universe Galileo Agreed with Copernicus Against Catholic Church and put under house arrest Improved the telescope and pointed it to the sky
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Copernicus
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Galileo
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Renaissance Inventions
Moveable type printing press 1440s Johannes Guttenberg Books accessible to more people so more learned to read Watch Early 1500s Microscope Late 1500s-1600s Air thermometer 1592
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Renaissance Spreads Renaissance reached England in the late 1500s
Theater became more and more popular All social classes could attend
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William Shakespeare Greatest English writer of the era
Emphasized the vernacular Wrote of the human emotions, strengths, weakness, and resistance to or acceptance in society Wrote tragedies, comedies, and historical plays Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Much Ado About Nothing, Henry V, Richard III
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Globe Theater
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A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Read story on page 627
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The Need for Church Reform
Church became wealthy but corrupt during the Middle Ages Indulgences- pardons people of their sin Church began selling them Martin Luther Challenged that people could interpret the Bible themselves and he was excommunicated Those who agreed with him became Lutherans Reformation-Other Christians broke off of the Catholic Church Protestants Counter Reformation Council of Trent (1545) Ban on selling indulgences
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Lesson 1 Review Questions
What does Renaissance mean? How did Europeans’ thinking change during the Renaissance? How did Petrarch influence people during the Renaissance in Europe? Which was the first country to experience the cultural and economic rebirth in Europe? What did Copernicus do? What did Galileo do? Did Religion become more unified during this time? What were the effects of the printing press? What practice led to the Reformation? Who and what led to the emergence of Lutheranism? What was the Counter Reformation? What other Christian Religions emerged at this time?
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