1. The Cardiovascular System

2. Introduction Heart is the pump that drives the CV system
Transports materials to/from cells
“cardio” = heart, “vascular” = vessels
3 Parts:
Heart
Blood
Blood vessels

3. 1. What does not belong to the cardiovascular system?
A. Heart
B. Lungs
C. Blood vessels
D. Blood

4. Parts of the Blood 5 Liters in body Connective tissue 4 Parts:
Plasma (fluid part; contains water, minerals, proteins, sugar, nutrients)
RBC
WBC
Platelets

5. 2. The fluid part of the blood is called:
A. Red blood cells
B. White blood cells
C. Plasma
D. Platelets

6. RBC Red Blood Cells Most abundant cells in the blood
Carry oxygen to cells (binds to hemoglobin)

7. 3. The job of the RBC is to: A. Carry oxygen to the tissues
B. Repair damage to the tissues
C. Provide nutrients to the tissues

8. WBC White blood cells (found in lymph nodes)
Destroy pathogens (invaders that make you sick)
Engulf pathogens, or make antibodies

9. 4. The job of white blood cells is to:
A. Carry oxygen to the tissues
B. Repair damage to the tissues
C. Destroy pathogens (invaders) that may enter the body

10. Platelets
Pieces of large cells from the bone marrow that have broken off
Last only 5-10 days
When vessels are cut, release chemicals which clump to make a plug

11. The job of the platelets is to:
A. Carry oxygen to the tissues
B. Repair damage to the tissues
C. Destroy pathogens (invaders) that may enter the body

12. The Heart Muscular organ about the size of a closed fist
Center of the chest cavity
O2 poor blood travels to lungs (pulmonary circulation), O2 rich blood travels to body (systemic circulation)
4 chambers (Left ________, Right ________, Left _________, Right ______)

14. 5. O2 poor blood goes to:
A. The body.
B. The lungs.

15. 6. O2 rich blood goes to:
A. The body.
B. The lungs.

16. 7. What type of muscle is found in the heart?
A. cardiac
B. skeletal
C. Smooth
D. Striated

17. Valves allow blood through, and prevent backflow
Beating sound is caused by opening and closing of the valves

18. Blood Flow Through Heart

20. Blood Vessels Arteries: Capillaries: Veins
direct blood away from heart
Thick elastic walls to withstand pressure
Capillaries:
1/10 thickness of hair
Smallest in body; one cell thick
Connect to the cells to deliver materials
Veins
Blood reenters after leaving capillaries (O2 poor)
Direct blood back to heart

21. These carry blood away from the heart:
A. Arteries.
B. Veins.
C. Capillaries.

22. These carry blood back to the heart:
A. Arteries.
B. Veins.
C. Capillaries.

23. These are the smallest type of blood vessels, and connect directly to the cells:
A. Arteries.
B. Veins.
C. Capillaries.

26. Blood Types Different types A, B, AB and O
Type refers to protein on RBC (“antigens”)

27. This blood type has no surface proteins (antigens):
A. A.
B. B.
C. AB.
D. O.

28. Who Can Give to Whom? Same type = OK
Type O has no markers (no antigens) so can go to anyone (“universal donor”)
Type AB has no antibodies to the A or B antigens, so can receive from anyone (“universal recipient”)

29. This type is the universal donor:
A. A.
B. B.
C. AB.
D. O.

30. This type is the universal recipient:
A. A.
B. B.
C. AB.
D. O.

31. Blood Pressure Water through a hose=hose stiffens
Blood vessels same as the hose!
Blood pressure = force exerted by the blood on the inside of the vessels
Two numbers: systolic and diastolic
Systolic = pressure in large arteries when ventricles contract
Diastolic = pressure in the arteries when the ventricles relax

32. Systolic blood pressure refers to:
A. Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts.
B. Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes.

33. Diastolic blood pressure refers to:
A. Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts.
B. Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes.

34. Exercise and Blood Flow
When you exercise, your body needs more oxygen and nutrients
How does this occur?
During exercise, some organs do not need as much oxygen as the skeletal muscles
Less blood sent to kidneys and digestive system, so more can go to heart, lungs, brain and skeletal muscles
When exercise is over, blood vessels to these areas open back up and heart rate slows down