1. By: Nicki Shanfeld and Emily Brackman
Germ Theory
By: Nicki Shanfeld and Emily Brackman

2. Overview What is germ theory and micro biology?
Who were some important people who contributed to our current understanding of germs, bacteria, and infections; when?

3. The Germ Theory and Microbiology
The Germ Theory states: microscopic organisms cause certain diseases 
Microbiology: the study of microorganisms like bacteria and viruses.
Emily Brackman

4. Timeline Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1895)
- In 1847, he introduced the hand disinfection standards 
Louis Pasteur ( )
- In 1849, he discovered pasteurization, which is a process that destroys microbes in food and drinks
Robert Koch ( )
- In the 19th century, he became the founder of modern bacteriology, which is the study of bacteria
Louis Pasteur
Emily Brackman

5. Timeline Joseph Lister (1827-1912)
- In the 19th century, he thought of the idea to perform surgery with sterile tools
Alexzander Fleming ( )
- In 1923, he discovered enzyme lysosome and in 1928 he discovered penicillin
Ignaz
Semmelweis
Louis
Pasteur
Robert
Koch
Joseph
Lister
Alexzander
 Fleming
Emily Brackman

6. The Germ Theory: microscopic organisms cause certain diseases
Ignaz Semmelweis
Introduced hand washing to doctors which proved to be a great success 
Hand washing reduced the occurrence of fatal puerperal fever by 10%
Later proved the germ theory
The Germ Theory: microscopic organisms cause certain diseases 
Emily Brackman

7. Robert Koch Discovered:
 Koch's postulates ( bacteria is present in sick animals, not in healthy ones. Can only be transferred to healthy animals)
Asiatic cholera ( also known as the Asiatic Cholera Pandemic)
Anthrax bacterium ( Anthrax is an infection caused by bacteria in the body)
Mycobacterium (type of germ)
mycobacterium tuberculosis( germ that causes tuberculosis, a lung infection)
Won: Nobel Prize in Medicine, Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Nicki Shanfeld

8. Alexander Fleming
Discovered: Penicillin (one of the first medications to work on many bacterial infections)
Won: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, John Scott legacy medal and premium, Albert Medal
Nicki Shanfeld

9. Joseph Lister Discovered: surgery should be sterile to avoid infection
Won: Copley Medal, Royal Medal, Albert Medal
Nicki Shanfeld

10. Louis Pasteur Discovered: Pasteurization (killing microbes in food)
Won: Rumford Medal, Copley medal, Leeuwenhoek Medal, Albert Medal, Montyon Prizes
Created vaccination for anthrax
Nicki Shanfeld

11. What is the Germ Theory?
a. the study of microorganisms b. destroys microbes in food and drinks c. Bacteria spreads without hand washing d. microscopic organisms cause certain diseases
The answer is D
Emily Brackman

12. What is Microbiology? 
a. The study of small biology b. The study of microorganisms c. The study of diseases spreading d. The study of destroying microorganisms
The answer is B
Emily Brackman

13. What was Louis Pasture most famous for?
a. promoting sterile surgery
b. discovering penicillin
c. pasteurization
d. discovering the anthrax bacterium
Nicki Shanfeld

14. What did Joseph Lister promote?
a. anthrax
b. sterile surgery
c. tuberculosis
d. pasteurization
Nicki Shanfeld
Nicki Shanfeld

15. Overview What is germ theory and micro biology?
Who were some important people who contributed to our current understanding of germs, bacteria, and infections; when?