1. Psychodynamic Theory
Freud and Jung

2. Sigmund Freud
Born 1865 in Freiberg, Moravia to Jacob, his wool- merchant father. Mother was Jacob’s third wife.
Moved to Vienna in 1860 until 1938.
Vienna exciting place of opportunity and optimism. In 1867, Jews granted political rights and accepted into society.
Freud assimilated, identifying as a German.
About the time he was 15, liberal political atmosphere evaporated and anti-Semitism became virulent, shattering assimilation
Graduated from University of Vienna medical school with strong interest in research but quickly married and realized only private practice would provide needed financial support.
Published well received scholarly papers on neurological disorders.
Outbreak of WW II forced him to flee to London, where he died a year later in 1939.

3. Freud’s theory is complex because:
He kept modifying it as he went along
He never presented a comprehensive summary of his final views
His theory is more comprehensive than must since it has a number of aspects. For example, he gives us:
A theory of motivation
A theory of thinking (which includes dreaming, etc.)
A theory of personality development (psychosexual theory)
A theory of mental structures (id, ego, superego)
A theory of psychopathology and symptom formation
A theory of psychotherapy

4. Personality Theory According to Freud
Personality is defined as follows:
Our characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality.
Freud called his theory and associated techniques psychoanalysis.
Unconscious-large below the surface area which contains thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories, of which we are unaware.
Free association-the patient is asked to relax and say whatever comes to mind, no matter how embarrassing or trivial.

5. Personality Structure according to Freud
ID-a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives to survive, reproduce, and aggress. The id operates on the pleasure principle: If not constrained but reality, it seeks immediate gratification. Ego-the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. Superego-represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscious) and for future aspirations.

6. Id Ego and Superego

7. Another way of looking

8. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Oral (0-18 months)
Anal (18-36 months)
Phallic (3-6 years)
Latency (6 to puberty)
Genital (puberty on)
FOCUS
Pleasure centers on the mouth- sucking, chewing, biting
Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control
Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings
Dormant sexual feeling
Maturation of sexual interest

9. Important Psychosexual Stage Theory Vocabulary
Oedipus complex-a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Castration anxiety
Fear from boys struggle to deal with his love for mother while knowing he cannot overcome his father physically
Identification-the process by which, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos
Fixation-a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, where conflicts were unresolved.
Penis envy
Desire for male dominated advantages
Freudian slips
Free recall/free association
Concept of a person having one word and freely associating any word with it

10. DEFENSE MECHANISM Tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety in various ways, but always by distorting reality

11. Repression
A defense mechanism that pushes threatening thoughts into the unconscious

12. Reaction formation
A defense mechanism that pushes away threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposite in one’s thoughts and words

13. Denial
A defense mechanism in which one refuses to acknowledge anxiety provoking stimuli

14. Projection
Defense mechanism in which anxiety arousing impulse are externalized by placing onto others

15. Displacement
Defense mechanism in which the target of one’s unconscious fear or desire is shifted away from true cause

16. Sublimation
Defense mechanism where dangerous urges are transformed into positive, socially acceptable forms

17. Regression
Defense mechanism where one returns to a earlier, safer stage of one’s life to escape present threats

18. Rationalization
Defense mechanism where after the fact (post hoc) logical explanations for behaviors that were actually driven by internal unconscious motives

19. Carl Jung

20. A Journey Into The Mind Of… Carl Jung
"Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves."

21. Who is Carl Jung? Carl Jung was born in Kesswill Switzerland (1875).
As a child he was interested in history, archaeology, and philosophy.
He studied medicine at the University of Basel and discovered he had a passion for psychiatry. He became a psychiatrist as it gave him the opportunity to study both the spiritual and factual sides of the world.
For 9 years he was an assistant physician at a Psychiatric Hospital
He studied Schizophrenia extensively.

22. His Early Career…
In 1907 Jung went to Vienna to meet Freud where they studied along side each other for a number of years. They developed their own theories and corresponded through letters.
They came to parting ways because Jung disagreed with Freud’s belief that the sexual component was the only part of the human personality. Jung also felt Freud was too narrow-minded about his views on the unconscious mind and dream interpretation. Freud’s main theories were that our sexual libido controlled our unconscious thoughts and when dreaming it was our sexual thoughts that controlled the content of these dreams.

23. His Early Career Cont.
His first ideas were published in Psychology of the Unconscious (it contained much about mythological content and listed parallels between myths and psychotic fantasies).
He went on to develop his own theory called analytic psychology, for half a century he wrote religiously about personality in regards to symbolic, mythological, and spiritual views.

24. His Major Theories…
·Focused on the unconscious and conscious mind…he believed that the unconscious played more of a role in controlling our thought process (especially during dreaming)
·The collective unconscious was also more dominant factor in the development of human personality

25. His Major Theories Cont…
·He believed in two personality types
·Introvert – someone who keeps to themselves and is emotionally self-sufficient
Extrovert- someone who is outgoing and use their psychological power to draw people towards them