1. AP European History Review Session #2
Absolutism, Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution, French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution

2. Overview Absolutism (and English Constitutionalism)
the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution
the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era
the Industrial Revolution

3. Absolutism the Key Questions what are the key countries to know?
what theories support the Absolutism?
how did Absolutism develop?
why was England the exception?

4. Absolutism main countries Russia, Prussia, and France (of course)
Ivan the Terrible
Romanovs
Peter the Great and his policies
Prussia
Hohenzollerns
Frederick William (the Soldier King)
Frederick the Great
Junkers

5. France the path to Absolutism: Francis I French Wars of Religion
Hapsburg rivalry
controlling the Church
French Wars of Religion
development of Absolutism
Cardinal Richelieu
Thirty Years War
Intendant System
Cardinal Mazarin and the Fronde
Louis XIV
Bossuet and divine right of kings
Colbert and mercantilism
Louis’s wars
Versailles
religion
France and Europe’s premier power and cultural leader

6. the Exception – English Constitutionalism
the Tudors  the Stuarts
James I
divine right of kings
problems with Parliament
the English Civil War
Charles I and Parliament
Petition of Right
proroguing Parliament
Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth
the Restoration
the Glorious Revolution

7. the Scientific Revolution
astronomy and physics (and math)
Copernicus
Kepler
Galileo
Newton
medicine
Vesalius
Harvey

8. the Enlightenment key questions
how was it connected to the Scientific Revolution?
why did it start? where did it start?
how did it affect governments?

9. the Enlightenment connection to the Scientific Revolution
Bacon
Descartes
location: France and its salons
key figures
Hobbes (pre-Enlightenment)
Locke (sort of Enlightenment)
Voltaire
Rosseau
Montesquieu
Diderot
Smith
Enlightened Despots: Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, Maria Theresa, Josef II

10. the French Revolution and Napoleon
the Key Questions
why did it start?
why did it radicalize?
how did the conservative reaction work?
how did Napoleon affect Europe (and the world) in the short term? long term?

11. French Revolution causes of the French Revolution the Revolution
Ancien Regime: 3 estates
taxing the 3rd Estate
Bourgeoisie’s desire for more political power
the Revolution
moderate stage: National Assembly, Tennis Court Oath, the Bastille, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Great Fear, March on Versailles
radical stage: Wars of the Revolution, a republic!, Jacobins and Girondins, Robespierre, the Committee of Public Safety and the Terror
reactionary stage: Thermidorian Reaction, the Directory, Consulate, Napoleon

12. Napoleon reforms his fate Concordat of 1801 Napoleonic Code
educational system
lightening up on the peasants  independent peasantry
his fate
conquering Europe
the Continental System
Russian winters
abdication, 100 Days, Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe

13. the Industrial Revolution
the Key Questions
where did it start and why?
how are the causes linked to
the Agricultural Revolution?
the Commercial Revolution?
Mercantilism?
what are the effects?
practical
theoretical

14. Industrial Revolution
what precedes it:
Agricultural Revolution
crop rotation
Columbian Exchange
Enclosure Movement
Mercantilism
Commercial Revolution
Capitalism

15. Industrial Revolution
when and where and why?
power: coal, steam, oil
textiles: Flying Shuttle, Spinning Jenny, etc.
transportation: steamships, trains, cars (later)
results
good: wages, cheaper goods, rising standard of living, middle class
bad: working conditions, slums, pollution
theories: Malthus, Ricardo, socialism
Communism: Marx and Engels, dialectical materialism, class struggle, revolution

16. FRQ Practice
Identify features of the eighteenth-century Agricultural Revolution and analyze its social and economic consequences. (2003 #2)