1. Next come the Romans!*fin

4. Ancient Rome
What other group used a Laurel wreath on their heads to show the “winner”?

5. Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C.– A.D. 500
SECTION 1
The Roman Republic
SECTION 2
The Roman Empire
SECTION 4
The Fall of the Roman Empire
These are my notes for slide 2
SECTION 5
Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization
Chart

6. The Roman Republic 509 BCE to 44 ACE
The early Romans establish a republic, which grows powerful and spreads its influence.

7. How is the Mediterranean sea like a Liquid Highway for the Romans?

8. What makes the construction of these buildings possible, unlike those of stone, mud or wood?

9. The Roman Republic The Origins of Rome Rome’s Geography
• Site of Rome chosen for its fertile soil and strategic
location… On a River!
• Located on Italian peninsula in center of
Mediterranean Sea
The First Romans
• Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans compete for control
of region
• Latins found original settlement of Rome
between 1000 and 500 B.C.
• Etruscans native to northern Italy; influence
Roman civilization*

10. • Kings build Rome’s first temples and public centers
The Early Republic
Early Rulers
• Around 600 B.C., Etruscan kings begin to rule Rome
• Kings build Rome’s first temples and public centers
• Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan king In 509 B.C.
Romans founded a Republic—government in which
citizens elect leaders
What is Plato’s famous work called?*

12. • Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars—three wars between 264–146 B.C.
Rome Spreads Its Power
War with Carthage
• Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars—three
wars between 264–146 B.C.
• Rome defeats Carthage wins Sicily, (first 23-year war)
• Hannibal—Carthaginian general—avenges
defeat in Second Punic War.
• He attacks Italy through Spain and France, Wins all battles but doesn’t take Rome map*

14. • Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars—three wars between 264–146 B.C.
Rome Spreads Its Power
War with Carthage
• Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars—three
wars between 264–146 B.C.
• Rome defeats Carthage wins Sicily, (first 23-year war)
• Hannibal—Carthaginian general—avenges
defeat in Second Punic War
• He attacks Italy through Spain and France, Wins all battles but doesn’t take Rome
- Roman general Scipio defeats Hannibal in 202 B.C.
• Rome destroys Carthage, enslaves people in last
war (149–146 B.C.)* vid?

15. Patricians and Plebeians
The Early Republic
Patricians and Plebeians
• Different groups struggle for power in early Roman
Republic
• Patricians—wealthy landowning class that holds
most of the power
• Plebeians—artisans, merchants, and farmers; can
vote, can’t rule
Twelve Tables
• 451 B.C. officials carve Roman law
on twelve tablets
• They become basis for later
Roman law
• Gives free citizens protection
of the law
• Citizenship is limited to adult
male landowners
What is this similar to?......*

16. Who saw “Gladiator”? vid
The Early Republic
Government Under the Republic
• Rome elects two consuls—one to lead army, one to
direct government
• Senate—chosen from Roman upper class; makes
foreign, domestic policy
• Democratic assemblies elect tribunes, make laws for
common people
• Dictators are leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis
They have full power
• Roman legion—military unit of 5,000 infantry;
supported by cavalry
• Army is powerful; key factor in Rome’s rise to greatness
Who saw “Gladiator”? vid

17. What can you infer about Rome from this coin?
Power?
Gold?
Govt?
Language?*

19. The Roman Empire Section 2
The creation of the Roman Empire transforms Roman government, society, economy, and culture.
NEXT

20. Julius Caesar Takes Control
The Republic Collapses
Julius Caesar Takes Control
• Military leader Julius Caesar elected consul in 59 B.C.
• Military victories give Caesar increasing popularity
and power
• Caesar is named dictator for life in 44 B.C.
“Caesar” Becomes the Roman
word for Emperor…
What kind
of Calendar
do we use?
Which Month
is named for
Julius?*

21. The Republic Collapses
Caesar’s Reforms
• Grants wider citizenship, creates jobs for poor- He does a good job and is loved! but….
(by the poor, NOT the rich or influential)
• Group of senators opposes Caesar; kills him on
March 15, 44 B.C.
Image
What is the..
“Ides of March” ?*

22. What Month do you think he gets?
The Republic Collapses
Caesar’s Reforms
• Grants wider citizenship, creates jobs for poor
• Group of senators opposes Caesar;
Caesar is murdered on March 15, 44 B.C.
Caesar’s adopted nephew, Octavian, accepts the title of Augustus, “exalted one,” and rules Rome as
Caesar Augustus
What Month do you think he gets?
He Rules from 27 BCE
Until his death in 14 ACE*

23. Pax Romana- the Golden Age of Rome
• Under Augustus, Rome moves from Republic to Empire.
• Power resides with a single ruler - Dictator.
years of peace and prosperity are known as:
Pax Romana “The peace of Rome”
- Augustus builds, develops, funds a city clean up, beautification and improvements.- Aqueducts, baths, monuments, parks, roads and public entertainment pic
- Increased the public revenue by making the taxation consistent not varying from province to province*

24. Augustus Caesar said on his deathbed: "I found Rome made of bricks, I leave it to you made of marble."
What did he mean?
Other than Taxes, where do you think Rome gets the $ to pay for all the infrastructure improvements? map*

25. Plunder and Trade of the Roman Empire A.D. 200
Video- Roman army in Germany 9 min*

26. What famous Greek building do these look like??

28. What makes Roman expansion possible?………
A Military. Well trained, well equipped and well controlled.
The Roman legion is the most professional army of the time.
This is similar to Sparta in both training and tactics… Includes Engineers, map*

29. Roads make travel, trade and control, possible*
Is the Mediterranean an advantage, or disadvantage to the Romans?
Roads make travel, trade and control, possible*

30. What is this building and what was it used for? pic*
This is a distraction to keep the people happy*

33. The Fall of the Roman Empire
Section 4
The Fall of the Roman Empire
Internal problems and innovations spur the division and decline of the Roman Empire.
NEXT

34. The Fall of the Roman Empire
A Century of Crisis
Reasons for The Empire’s Decline-
• Pax Romana ends in A.D. 180 with death of emperor Marcus Aurelius (gladiator guy???)
• Subsequent emperors unable to govern giant empire
1- Economy Weakens
2- Hostile tribes outside the empire disrupt trade
Inflation —drop in value of money and rise in prices—weakens trade
3- Overworked soil, - food shortages
4- Underworked people – 200 holidays a year!
5- Slave labor*map

36. Emperors Attempt Reform
Diocletian Reforms the Empire
• In A.D. 284 Emperor Diocletian divides empire in two
• This includes Two emperors - Greek-speaking East,
Latin- speaking West
• In A.D. 305 Diocletian retires, rivals compete for power MAP *

39. Emperors Attempt Reform
Diocletian Reforms the Empire
• In A.D. 284 Emperor Diocletian divides empire in two
• Two emperors in Greek-speaking East,
Latin- speaking West
• In A.D. 305 Diocletian retires, rivals compete for power
Constantine Moves the Capital
• Constantine becomes emperor of the
West in A.D. 312
• Seizes Eastern Empire in A.D. 324; moves Roman capital to Byzantium
• Byzantium eventually renamed Constantinople—city of Constantine.* Istanbul……..

40. The Western Empire Crumbles
Attila the Hun (Huns… remember Mulan?)
• Attila—unites the Huns in A.D. 444; plunders 70 cities in Eastern Rome
• Attacks Rome in 452; famine and disease prevents victory
• Rome falls to Germans in 476; =end of Western Empire
• Eastern half thrives
for Another
thousand
years as the Byzantine
Empire
Unit 4 has the Byzantines*

41. Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization
The Legacy of Greco-Roman Civilization
A New Culture Emerges
• Romans adopt Greek and Hellenistic culture this is – “Greco-Roman” culture, or classical civilization
• Artists skilled in creating mosaics, painting frescoes
• Pompeii—Roman town; ash from Mt. Vesuvus (volcano) eruption A.D. 79 preserves art and life in Rome for us.vid?
• Latin was official language
Develops into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian,
More than half the words in English stem from Latin*

42. The Rise of Christianity
Section 3
The Rise of Christianity
Christianity arises in Roman-occupied Judea and spreads throughout the Roman Empire.
NEXT

43. The Rise of Christianity
The Life and Teachings of Jesus
• Many Jews believe a Messiah, or savior, eventually will free them
Jesus of Nazareth
• Jesus—a Jew born in Bethlehem (around 6 to 4 B.C.), raised in Nazareth
• At 30, he begins preaching
monotheism,
• Reportedly performs miracles,
He stresses a personal relationship
with God, love for friends and
enemies
(same as the Golden Rule)*

44. • Apostles—the twelve men who are disciples (or pupils) of Jesus
The Life and Teachings of Jesus
A Growing Movement
• Apostles—the twelve men who are disciples (or
pupils) of Jesus
• Jesus ignores wealth and status; his message
appeals to poor
• Many Jews view Jesus as the Messiah; others
see him as a heretic
• Roman governor Pontius
Pilate sentences Jesus
to be crucified
• Apostles believe
Jesus arose from the dead,
and ascended into heaven
• Christos, Greek word for
“savior”; Christianity
derived from “Christ”*

45. Christianity Spreads Through the Empire
• Followers spread Christianity—new religion
based on Jesus’ teachings
Jewish Rebellion
• Jews rebel against Rome; Romans storm Jerusalem, destroy Temple Jews driven from homeland-Result?
Roman Emperor Constantine Accepts Christianity
• Constantine —Roman emperor battles for control of Rome in A.D. 312
• He Had a vision of cross,
Christian symbol; places on soldiers’ shields pic*

47. Christianity Spreads Through the Empire
• Followers spread Christianity—new religion
based on Jesus’ teachings
Jewish Rebellion
• Jews rebel against Rome; Romans storm Jerusalem, destroy Temple Jews driven from homeland-Result?
Roman Emperor Constantine Accepts Christianity
• Constantine —Roman emperor battles for control of Rome in A.D. 312 and has vision of cross,
Christian symbol; places on soldiers’ shields.
He Believes the Christian God helped him win; legalizes Christianity – He converts to Christianity.
• In A.D. 380 Emperor Theodosius makes Christianity the official religion of empire
Diaspora—centuries of Jewish exile (from Greek word for “dispersal”) Payback for killing Jesus*

48. I I I I

49. Entertainment Centers
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Arts
Realistic sculptures
Arch and Dome
Entertainment Centers
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Government
-Legal system
-12 Tables
-Civil Service
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Legacies of Rome I
Culture
-Latin
-Christianity
Greco-Roman
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Technology
Concrete
Aqueducts
Roads
Engineering I
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