1. The Presidency

2. George Washington
How did he set the model for the American Presidency?

3. Constitutional Qualifications
35 years of age
Natural born citizen—not naturalized
Resident of the United States for 14 continuous years

4. Donald Trump could look this up too. Plus, the President’s mom was a U
Donald Trump could look this up too. Plus, the President’s mom was a U.S. citizen—and therefore so is he.
Source: is the L.A. Times

5. Term of office Originally no term limit 22nd Amendment
Two terms or total of 10 years
If a vice president takes over after the halfway point of the president

6. Presidential Succession and Disability
The 25th amendment
If President is disabled, Vice President serves as “acting president”
If the presidency become vacant
the vice-president becomes president
This new president appoints a vice-president
Must be confirmed by both chambers of Congress

7. Impeachment An impeachment is like an indictment
The President is charged by the House
“treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors”
He is tried by the Senate
Impeachment does not mean removal from office. It is the whole process.

8. Only two Presidents have been impeached
Only two Presidents have been impeached. Neither were convicted and removed from Office
Bill Clinton
Andrew Johnson
Bill Clinton

10. Review, Young grasshoppers:
Review: Electoral College, pg (Ch. 9)

11. 8. How many total electoral votes are there?
b. 100
c. 250
d. 270
e. 538

12. a. win the election even after losing in all battleground states
How many electoral votes are needed to win the Presidency?
538
216
270
100
435
9. Because most states use winner-takes-all systems for electoral votes, it is possible for a candidate to ________.
a. win the election even after losing in all battleground states
b. win the election with an effective third-party campaign
c. lose in states that divide electoral votes
d. win the election, even while losing the national popular vote
e. still lose the election, due to states that divide their electoral votes

13. 5. In order to win a state’s electoral votes, a candidate must win
a. A majority of the popular votes in the state
b. A plurality of the popular votes in the state
c. 2/3rds of the popular vote in the states
d. a number of votes equal to or greater than the number of citizens who voted in the last election

14. The number of electoral votes given to each state is determined by
a. the state’s population only
b. the number of members the state has in the House and Senate
c. the number of members the state has in the Housed. a number equal to the congressional districts in the state plus three extra votes based on population

15. 6. Why are T.V. debates risky for a presidential candidate?
a. The candidate may make a mistake or a verbal blunder
b. The incumbent president—if there is one—always gains from a debate
c. The people may not watch the debate
d. Debates are very expensive to produce and the candidate could use the money in a more efficient way in the campaign

16. The Electoral College System
Indirect election of the President
A state electoral votes=number of Reps + 2
Ex. Michigan 14 Representatives and 2 Senators equals 16 electoral votes
The District of Columbia gets 3
The 23rd Amendment provides for this
There are a total of 538 Electoral Votes

17. A candidate must get 270 votes to win.
“Winner take all” system—most popular votes in a state wins all electoral votes
If no candidate receives 270, the House of Representatives chooses the president.
Senate chooses the Vice President
What happened in 2000?

18. Gore won the popular vote by about 500,000 nationwide.

19. Bush won the electoral votes
Gore—266 (one elector from D.C. refused to vote as a protest)
Nader—0

20. 2000 Electoral College Map Bush =271 Gore=266
Why is New Hampshire Red?
2000 Electoral College Map Bush = Gore=266

21. Nader as the “spoiler”
It is generally assumed Nader took votes from Gore in New Hampshire:
Bush won 48.1%
Gore won 46.8%
Nader won 3.9%
Bush won New Hampshire’s 4 electoral votes

22. Nader as spoiler 271-4=267 for Bush
267+4=271 for Gore and the Presidency

23. 2008 Presidential Election electoral vote count
Obama 366
McCain 173

24. 2008 Electoral College map
McCain 173
Obama 366

26. Why do we have the electoral college system?
Hamilton wanted a president appointed for life by the Congress
The convention wanted elections
Compromise--
indirect election of the President by elites in the electoral college system.
No limit on the number of terms served

27. Why not abolish the electoral college? Some issues to consider:
Need a constitutional amendment
Small states would object
Reduced influence of state or regional issues in campaigns
It almost always works

28. Impact of the Electoral College on presidential campaigns
Focus on large competitive states
Swing states—Ohio, Pennsylvania, Nr. Carolina, etc.
Ignore traditionally red/blue states
Democrats ignore Texas
Republicans ignore California
Republicans can mount a “heartland” strategy like Bush in 2000

29. 2000 Electoral College Map Bush =271 Gore=266

31. 2016 Electoral College Preliminary Results
source: 270ToWin, Dec. 18, 2016

32. Presidential Power
Start here: For Dec. 18, Class Work

33. Sources of Presidential Power
Politics
Public Opinion

34. Politics: The need to build “coalitions”
A president must “do politics”
Must be able to put together majorities in support of his program
To ignore this fact leads to failure
Ex. Jimmy Carter

35. “Public” Opinion
Power to persuade: Presidents use their “presidential personality” to persuade.
Must build coalitions of support:
Three audiences
Washington Insiders and leaders
Party Activists and part base
The General Public

36. Jimmy Carter
Why did he have such a difficult time getting policy passed and why did he lose reelection?
What was his attitude toward “politics as usual?”

38. The Executive Branch See p. 353 & 354
NOTICE THE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES.

39. The Cabinet Comprised of the heads of the executive departments
Official list of cabinet members
You should know these:
State—Rex Tillerson
Defense— James Mattis
Justice– Jeff Sessions

41. The Cabinet
The cabinet does not give the President advice on a day to day basis
They run their own departments
They are most loyal to the department mission

42. White House link on the Cabinet—a nice “photo op”

43. Organizing the White House
Chief of staff:
the person who oversees the operations of all White House staff and controls access to the president
Trump’s 1st Chief of Staff: Reince Preibus
Current Chief of Staff: Ret. General John Kelly

44. Past White House Chief of Staff meeting:

45. What followed:

46. Executive Office of the President
Current Executive Office Staff (Trump EOP)
Job of the EOP
Advise the president in various areas of policy

47. Organizing the White House
There are three general models of White House organization

48. White House Organization “Pyramid” ‘Edwards book: Hierarchical’
President
Nixon, Reagan, Obama
Chief of Staff
Other advisors/Cabinet Member
Under this arrangement, some other top officials may have “walk in rights to the Oval Office”

49. Advantages Disadvantages An orderly flow of information
Clear lines of authority
Disadvantages
President can become isolated
May miss important information

50. “Hub of the Wheel” Advisors FDR, Carter Advisors Advisors Advisors
President
Advisors
Advisors
Advisors
Advisors
Advisors
Advisors

51. Advantages Disadvantages Access to a lot of information
President is “in the know”
Disadvantages
Overwhelm president with too much detail
Confusion and conflict among advisors

52. “Ad Hoc Organization” Clinton, Early Trump Committee Advisors Friends
Task force
Key Advisors: ?
Kushner
Bannon
Flynn
Vice President
President
Cabinet Members

53. Advantages Disadvantage “Out of the box” thinking and creativity
Important political actors may be left out
Cut off from those who will implement policies

54. Most presidents revert to the pyramid organization—so did these presidents!

55. Richard Nixon
What three areas of power that were explicitly made “off limits” by the Constitution did he invade?
Did he have the right personality to be President of the United States?
(We will look at this more closely in March)

56. Bill Clinton
Was he a victim of his own character flaw or were his “enemies” out to get him?

57. Jimmy Carter on Jimmy Carter
Was he a failed president?
Jimmy Carter on 60 Minutes Sept 2010
(about 15 minutes long)

58. The Expectation Gap
Gap between presidential promises and powers of the office
The powers are limited constitutionally
President needs to enlarge powers informally
Power is tied to public approval

60. Gallup Poll Presidential approval site
Presidential approval rates since 1948

61. Roles of the President Head of state: Head of government:
symbolic representative of the whole country—In England it is the Queen
Head of government:
Chief political leader –in England it is the Prime Minister

62. Article Two - Sections 1 & 2, outlined for you.
“The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:

63. Presidential Powers: Article II Creates the Executive
Section 1: Grants the “executive power” to the president
Vague and open to interpretation
FDR’s “threat” during the Great Depression (1933)
President Obama’s recent use of executive orders to expand regulation, etc.

64. Section 2: Specific grants of power
Ex. Commander in Chief
How far can this power be stretched?
George Bush and the use of “enhanced interrogation” of suspected terrorists
NSA data gathering; Bush and Obama

66. Executive powers Chief Administrator: Chief Diplomat:
head of federal agencies
appoints cabinet members (heads of departments and agencies)
Chief Diplomat:
negotiates treaties, makes executive agreements with other countries

68. State of the Union address
Chief Legislator
The constitution instructs the president to report on “the state of the union”
State of the Union address
A outline of what laws/policies he wants Congress to pass in the upcoming year
Presidential veto
Threat can be used to guide and influence policy

69. To Review: Powers of the President held alone pg. 348
Commander in Chief of armed forces
Grant pardons
Appoint officials to some executive offices
Use the “executive power”
Issue executive agreements

70. To Review: Powers shared with the Senate
Appoint judges, ambassadors, high government officials
Appoint advisers in his/her own White House
Declare war (With approval of both chambers of Congress)
[ find my 2 mistakes!!! ]